定义一个基类 Animal，其中有一个虚函数 perform()，用于在子类中实现不同的表演行为。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//封装 Animal 类 ---》基类
class Animal
{
private:
    string name;
public:
    //无参
    Animal()
    {}
    //有参
    Animal(string n):name(n)
    {
        cout << "Aminal的有参构造函数" << endl;
    }
    virtual void perform() = 0;

};

//封装 狮子 类  继承于Aminal 类
class Lion :public Animal
{
private:
    string skill;
public:
    //无参
    Lion()
    {}

    //有参构造
    Lion(string n, string s):Animal(n),skill(s)
    {
         cout << "Lion的有参构造函数" << endl;
    }

    void perform()
    {
        cout << "Lion跳跃" << endl;
     }
};

//封装 猴子 类  继承于Aminal 类
class Monkey: public Animal
{
private:
    int age;
public:
    //无参
    Monkey()
    {}

    //有参构造
    Monkey(string n, int a):Animal(n),age(a)
    {
        cout << "Monkey的有参构造函数" << endl;
    }

    void perform()
    {
        cout << "Monkey花式篮球" << endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    Animal *p;          //父类的指针
    Lion L("yy","Jump");
    p = &L;
    p->perform();

    Monkey M("vv", 12);
    p = &M;
    p->perform();
    return 0;
}

2.用函数模板实现不同数据类型的交换功能。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template <typename T>
void fun(T &a, T &b)
{
    T temp;
    temp = a;
    a = b;
    b = temp;
}

int main()
{
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    fun(a, b);
    cout << a << " " << b << endl;

    double c = 1.3, d = 1.4;
    fun(c, d);
        cout << c << " " << d << endl;
    return 0;
}

3 思维导图