cefpython3 其上游是C++开发的CEF（基于webkit、V8），
CEF 即 (Chromium Embedder Framework)，
是基于Google Chromium项目的开源 Web browser控件(WebView)。
可查看github文档：cefpython api
pip install cefpython3
cefpython3-66.1-py2.py3-none-win_amd64.whl (69.0 MB)
Successfully installed cefpython3-66.1
cd \Python37\Lib\site-packages\cefpython3\examples
copy tkinter_.py tk_cef.py
用的图片在 \Python37\Lib\site-packages\cefpython3\examples\resources\
编写 tk_cef.py 如下
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Example of embedding CEF Python browser using Tkinter toolkit.
# This example has two widgets: a navigation bar and a browser.
#
# Tested configurations:
# - Tk 8.5 on Windows/Mac
# - Tk 8.6 on Linux
# - CEF Python v55.3+
#
import ctypes
try:
import tkinter as tk
except ImportError:
import Tkinter as tk
import sys
import os
import platform
import logging as _logging
from cefpython3 import cefpython as cef
# help(cef.PyBrowser)
# Fix for PyCharm hints warnings
WindowUtils = cef.WindowUtils()
# Platforms
WINDOWS = (platform.system() == "Windows")
LINUX = (platform.system() == "Linux")
MAC = (platform.system() == "Darwin")
# Globals
logger = _logging.getLogger("tk_cef.py")
baseurl = "http://localhost:8888/"
# Constants
# Tk 8.5 doesn't support png images
IMAGE_EXT = ".png" if tk.TkVersion > 8.5 else ".gif"
def main():
logger.setLevel(_logging.DEBUG)
stream_handler = _logging.StreamHandler()
formatter = _logging.Formatter("[%(filename)s] %(message)s")
stream_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(stream_handler)
logger.info("CEF Python {ver}".format(ver=cef.__version__))
logger.info("Python {ver} {arch}".format(
ver=platform.python_version(), arch=platform.architecture()[0]))
logger.info("Tk {ver}".format(ver=tk.Tcl().eval('info patchlevel')))
assert cef.__version__ >= "55.3", "CEF Python v55.3+ required to run this"
# 替换python预定义异常处理逻辑，为保证异常发生时能够结束所有进程
sys.excepthook = cef.ExceptHook # To shutdown all CEF processes on error
# Tk must be initialized before CEF otherwise fatal error (Issue #306)
root = tk.Tk()
app = MainFrame(root)
settings = {}
if MAC:
settings["external_message_pump"] = True
cef.Initialize(settings=settings)
app.mainloop()
logger.debug("Main loop exited")
cef.Shutdown() # 结束进程
class MainFrame(tk.Frame):
""" tk GUI 主界面 """
def __init__(self, root):
self.browser_frame = None
self.navigation_bar = None
self.root = root
# Root
root.geometry("900x640")
tk.Grid.rowconfigure(root, 0, weight=1)
tk.Grid.columnconfigure(root, 0, weight=1)
# MainFrame
tk.Frame.__init__(self, root)
self.master.title("tkinter + cef")
self.master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.on_close)
self.master.bind("<Configure>", self.on_root_configure)
self.setup_icon()
self.bind("<Configure>", self.on_configure)
self.bind("<FocusIn>", self.on_focus_in)
self.bind("<FocusOut>", self.on_focus_out)
# NavigationBar
self.navigation_bar = NavigationBar(self)
self.navigation_bar.grid(row=0, column=0,
sticky=(tk.N + tk.S + tk.E + tk.W))
tk.Grid.rowconfigure(self, 0, weight=0)
tk.Grid.columnconfigure(self, 0, weight=0)
# BrowserFrame
self.browser_frame = BrowserFrame(self, self.navigation_bar)
self.browser_frame.grid(row=1, column=0,
sticky=(tk.N + tk.S + tk.E + tk.W))
tk.Grid.rowconfigure(self, 1, weight=1)
tk.Grid.columnconfigure(self, 0, weight=1)
# Pack MainFrame
self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)
def on_root_configure(self, _):
#logger.debug("MainFrame.on_root_configure")
if self.browser_frame:
self.browser_frame.on_root_configure()
def on_configure(self, event):
logger.debug("MainFrame.on_configure")
if self.browser_frame:
width = event.width
height = event.height
if self.navigation_bar:
height = height - self.navigation_bar.winfo_height()
self.browser_frame.on_mainframe_configure(width, height)
def on_focus_in(self, _):
logger.debug("MainFrame.on_focus_in")
def on_focus_out(self, _):
logger.debug("MainFrame.on_focus_out")
def on_close(self):
if self.browser_frame:
self.browser_frame.on_root_close()
self.browser_frame = None
else:
self.master.destroy()
def get_browser(self):
if self.browser_frame:
return self.browser_frame.browser
return None
def get_browser_frame(self):
if self.browser_frame:
return self.browser_frame
return None
def setup_icon(self):
resources = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources")
icon_path = os.path.join(resources, "tkinter"+IMAGE_EXT)
if os.path.exists(icon_path):
self.icon = tk.PhotoImage(file=icon_path)
# noinspection PyProtectedMember
self.master.call("wm", "iconphoto", self.master._w, self.icon)
class BrowserFrame(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, mainframe, navigation_bar=None):
self.navigation_bar = navigation_bar
self.closing = False
self.browser = None
tk.Frame.__init__(self, mainframe)
self.mainframe = mainframe
self.bind("<FocusIn>", self.on_focus_in)
self.bind("<FocusOut>", self.on_focus_out)
self.bind("<Configure>", self.on_configure)
"""For focus problems see Issue #255 and Issue #535. """
self.focus_set()
def embed_browser(self):
window_info = cef.WindowInfo()
rect = [0, 0, self.winfo_width(), self.winfo_height()]
window_info.SetAsChild(self.get_window_handle(), rect)
global baseurl # 创建浏览器
self.browser = cef.CreateBrowserSync(window_info, url=baseurl)
assert self.browser
self.browser.SetClientHandler(LifespanHandler(self))
self.browser.SetClientHandler(LoadHandler(self))
self.browser.SetClientHandler(FocusHandler(self))
self.message_loop_work()
def get_window_handle(self):
if self.winfo_id() > 0:
return self.winfo_id()
else:
raise Exception("Couldn't obtain window handle")
def message_loop_work(self):
""" 消息循环：监听信号和处理事件 """
cef.MessageLoopWork()
self.after(10, self.message_loop_work)
def on_configure(self, _):
if not self.browser:
self.embed_browser()
def on_root_configure(self):
# Root <Configure> event will be called when top window is moved
if self.browser:
self.browser.NotifyMoveOrResizeStarted()
def on_mainframe_configure(self, width, height):
if self.browser:
if WINDOWS:
ctypes.windll.user32.SetWindowPos(
self.browser.GetWindowHandle(), 0,
0, 0, width, height, 0x0002)
elif LINUX:
self.browser.SetBounds(0, 0, width, height)
self.browser.NotifyMoveOrResizeStarted()
def on_focus_in(self, _):
logger.debug("BrowserFrame.on_focus_in")
if self.browser:
self.browser.SetFocus(True)
def on_focus_out(self, _):
logger.debug("BrowserFrame.on_focus_out")
"""For focus problems see Issue #255 and Issue #535. """
if LINUX and self.browser:
self.browser.SetFocus(False)
def on_root_close(self):
logger.info("BrowserFrame.on_root_close")
if self.browser:
logger.debug("CloseBrowser")
self.browser.CloseBrowser(True)
self.clear_browser_references()
else:
logger.debug("tk.Frame.destroy")
self.destroy()
def clear_browser_references(self):
# Clear browser references that you keep anywhere in your
# code. All references must be cleared for CEF to shutdown cleanly.
self.browser = None
class LifespanHandler(object):
def __init__(self, tkFrame):
self.tkFrame = tkFrame
def OnBeforeClose(self, browser, **_):
logger.debug("LifespanHandler.OnBeforeClose")
self.tkFrame.quit()
class LoadHandler(object):
def __init__(self, browser_frame):
self.browser_frame = browser_frame
def OnLoadStart(self, browser, **_):
pass
#if self.browser_frame.master.navigation_bar:
# self.browser_frame.master.navigation_bar.set_url(browser.GetUrl())
class FocusHandler(object):
"""For focus problems see Issue #255 and Issue #535. """
def __init__(self, browser_frame):
self.browser_frame = browser_frame
def OnTakeFocus(self, next_component, **_):
logger.debug("FocusHandler.OnTakeFocus, next={next}"
.format(next=next_component))
def OnSetFocus(self, source, **_):
logger.debug("FocusHandler.OnSetFocus, source={source}"
.format(source=source))
if LINUX:
return False
else:
return True
def OnGotFocus(self, **_):
logger.debug("FocusHandler.OnGotFocus")
if LINUX:
self.browser_frame.focus_set()
class NavigationBar(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
self.back_state = tk.NONE
self.forward_state = tk.NONE
self.back_image = None
self.forward_image = None
self.reload_image = None
tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
resources = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources")
# Back button
back_png = os.path.join(resources, "back"+IMAGE_EXT)
if os.path.exists(back_png):
self.back_image = tk.PhotoImage(file=back_png)
self.back_button = tk.Button(self, image=self.back_image,
command=self.go_back)
self.back_button.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=2)
# Forward button
forward_png = os.path.join(resources, "forward"+IMAGE_EXT)
if os.path.exists(forward_png):
self.forward_image = tk.PhotoImage(file=forward_png)
self.forward_button = tk.Button(self, image=self.forward_image,
command=self.go_forward)
self.forward_button.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=2)
# Reload button
reload_png = os.path.join(resources, "reload"+IMAGE_EXT)
if os.path.exists(reload_png):
self.reload_image = tk.PhotoImage(file=reload_png)
self.reload_button = tk.Button(self, image=self.reload_image,
command=self.reload)
self.reload_button.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=2)
# Url entry
self.url_entry = tk.Entry(self)
self.url_entry.bind("<FocusIn>", self.on_url_focus_in)
self.url_entry.bind("<FocusOut>", self.on_url_focus_out)
self.url_entry.bind("<Return>", self.on_load_url)
self.url_entry.bind("<Button-1>", self.on_button1)
self.url_entry.grid(row=0, column=3,
sticky=(tk.N + tk.S + tk.E + tk.W))
tk.Grid.rowconfigure(self, 0, weight=100)
tk.Grid.columnconfigure(self, 3, weight=100)
# go button
self.go_button = tk.Button(self, text="go", command=self.go)
self.go_button.grid(row=0, column=4, padx=5, pady=2)
# prefix button 前缀匹配
self.button2 = tk.Button(self, text="prefix", command=self.prefix)
self.button2.grid(row=0, column=5, padx=5, pady=2)
# Update state of buttons
self.update_state()
def go(self):
global baseurl
url = self.url_entry.get()
if url.strip() =='':
return
elif url.startswith("http://"):
pass
else:
url = baseurl + "trans?txt=" + url.strip();
if self.master.get_browser():
self.master.get_browser().StopLoad()
self.master.get_browser().LoadUrl(url)
def prefix(self):
global baseurl
url = self.url_entry.get()
if url.strip() =='':
return
elif url.startswith("http://"):
if self.master.get_browser():
self.master.get_browser().StopLoad()
self.master.get_browser().LoadUrl(url)
else:
url = baseurl + "prefix?txt=" + url.strip();
if self.master.get_browser():
self.master.get_browser().StopLoad()
self.master.get_browser().LoadUrl(url)
def go_back(self):
if self.master.get_browser():
self.master.get_browser().GoBack()
def go_forward(self):
if self.master.get_browser():
self.master.get_browser().GoForward()
def reload(self):
if self.master.get_browser():
self.master.get_browser().Reload()
def set_url(self, url):
self.url_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
self.url_entry.insert(0, url)
def on_url_focus_in(self, _):
logger.debug("NavigationBar.on_url_focus_in")
def on_url_focus_out(self, _):
logger.debug("NavigationBar.on_url_focus_out")
def on_load_url(self, _):
if self.master.get_browser():
self.master.get_browser().StopLoad()
self.master.get_browser().LoadUrl(self.url_entry.get())
def on_button1(self, _):
"""For focus problems see Issue #255 and Issue #535. """
logger.debug("NavigationBar.on_button1")
self.master.master.focus_force()
def update_state(self):
browser = self.master.get_browser()
if not browser:
if self.back_state != tk.DISABLED:
self.back_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
self.back_state = tk.DISABLED
if self.forward_state != tk.DISABLED:
self.forward_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
self.forward_state = tk.DISABLED
self.after(100, self.update_state)
return
if browser.CanGoBack():
if self.back_state != tk.NORMAL:
self.back_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
self.back_state = tk.NORMAL
else:
if self.back_state != tk.DISABLED:
self.back_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
self.back_state = tk.DISABLED
if browser.CanGoForward():
if self.forward_state != tk.NORMAL:
self.forward_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
self.forward_state = tk.NORMAL
else:
if self.forward_state != tk.DISABLED:
self.forward_button.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
self.forward_state = tk.DISABLED
self.after(100, self.update_state)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
这个程序解决了 tkinter 嵌入 cef 后鼠标焦点失控的问题。
cefpython 应用接口 api 参考: Python GUI: cefpython3的简单分析和应用
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