一，项目要求
二，理论原理
通过按键来控制状态机的状态，在将状态值传送到各个模块进行驱动，在空闲状态下，数码管显示基础时钟，基础时钟是由7个计数器组合而成，当在ADJUST状态下可以调整时间，并且基础时间会随基础时钟的改变而改变，同过位置使能来确定更改的值在按下确定来更改基础时钟的时间，ALARM状态下可以设置闹钟的时间，设定方法和更改时钟方法一致，随后设置了一个beep_flag来驱动beep，当beep_flag为1且到达设定时间就响，若beep_flag不为1则停止响动，最后的秒表功能不多做赘述，之后通过状态机传出来的值，驱动数码管显示那个模块的输出值.
三，系统架构分析
本次系统架构分为：状态机模块，数码管驱动模块，基础时钟模块，调时模块，闹钟模块，秒表模块
三，状态转移图
四，源码展示
首先是状态机模块的实现，这里对应上边的状态转移图，通过传出的使能信号state来控制各个模块
/**************************************功能介绍***********************************
Date :
Author : WZY.
Version :
Description: 这是一个状态机模块用来控制不同状态的转换
*********************************************************************************/
//---------<模块及端口声名>------------------------------------------------------
module state_change(
input wire clk ,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [3:0] key_in ,//按键输入
input wire beep ,
output reg [1:0] led_on ,//led灯显示用来判断当前在什么状态
output reg [1:0] state //状态输出
);
//---------<参数定义>---------------------------------------------------------
parameter IDLE = 4'b0001, //空闲状态表示显示基础时钟
ADJUST = 4'b0010,//更改状态可以更改时钟的值
ALARM = 4'b0100,//闹钟状态，可以制定闹钟
STOP = 4'b1000;
//---------<内部信号定义>-----------------------------------------------------
reg [3:0] cstate;//现态
reg [3:0] nstate;//次态
//****************************************************************
//状态机
//****************************************************************
//三段式状态机第一段时序逻辑
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
cstate <= IDLE;
end
else begin
cstate <= nstate;
end
end
//三段式状态机第二段组合逻辑
always @(*) begin
case (cstate)
IDLE :begin
if (!key_in[0]) begin //当按键0按下时转到调时状态
nstate = ADJUST;
end
else if (!key_in[1]||!beep) begin
nstate = ALARM;
end
else if (!key_in[2]) begin
nstate = STOP ;
end
else begin
nstate = cstate;
end
end
ADJUST :begin
if (!key_in[0]||!key_in[3]) begin//当按下按键0时转到基础时钟
nstate = IDLE;
end
else if (!beep) begin//当蜂鸣器响立刻跳转到闹钟状态
nstate = ALARM;
end
else begin
nstate = cstate;
end
end
ALARM :begin
if (!key_in[0]) begin//当按下按键0时转到基础时钟
nstate = IDLE;
end
else begin
nstate = cstate;
end
end
STOP :begin
if (!key_in[0]) begin
nstate = IDLE;
end
else if (!beep) begin//当蜂鸣器响立刻跳转到闹钟状态
nstate = ALARM;
end
else begin
nstate = cstate;
end
end
default: nstate = IDLE;
endcase
end
//三段式状态机第三段时序逻辑
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
state <= 2'b00;
end
else case (cstate)
IDLE : state <= 2'b00;
ADJUST : state <= 2'b01;
ALARM : state <= 2'b10;
STOP : state <= 2'b11;
default: state <= 2'b00;
endcase
end
//****************************************************************
//led显示状态，通过led的亮灭状态来看处在什么状态
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
led_on <= 2'b00;
end
else case (cstate)
IDLE : led_on <= 2'b00;
ADJUST : led_on <= 2'b01;
ALARM : led_on <= 2'b10;
STOP : led_on <= 2'b11;
default: led_on <= 2'b00;
endcase
end
endmodule
接下来是基础时钟模块，这个模块我为了后边的修改时钟模块方便所以我选择了使用七个计数器来实现。
/**************************************功能介绍***********************************
Date :
Author : WZY.
Version :
Description: 这是一个基础时钟通过用标准的五个计数器实现
*********************************************************************************/
//---------<模块及端口声名>------------------------------------------------------
module counter(
input wire clk ,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [3:0] key_in ,
input wire [1:0] state ,//状态
input wire [2:0] flag ,//位置信号
input wire [23:0] adjust_time, //时间调整
output wire [23:0] times //当前时间寄存区
);
//---------<参数定义>---------------------------------------------------------
parameter MAX1s = 26'd49_999_999;
reg [25:0] cnt_1s ;
wire add_cnt ;
wire end_cnt ;
//时钟内部参数
reg [3:0] sec_low ;
reg [3:0] sec_high ;
reg [3:0] mine_low ;
reg [3:0] mine_high ;
reg [3:0] hour_low ;
reg [3:0] hour_high ;
wire add_sec_low;
wire add_sec_high ;
wire add_mine_low ;
wire add_mine_high;
wire add_hour_low ;
wire add_hour_high;
wire end_sec_low ;
wire end_sec_high ;
wire end_mine_low ;
wire end_mine_high;
wire end_hour_low ;
wire end_hour_high;
//---------<内部信号定义>-----------------------------------------------------
//****************************************************************
//1s计时器
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
cnt_1s <= 26'd0;
end
else if(add_cnt&&(state != 4'b01))begin
if(end_cnt)begin
cnt_1s <= 26'd0;
end
else begin
cnt_1s <= cnt_1s + 1'b1;
end
end
end
assign add_cnt = 1;
assign end_cnt = add_cnt && cnt_1s == MAX1s;
//****************************************************************
//时钟计时
//****************************************************************
//****************************************************************
//秒钟计时，通过两个计数器来设定秒的个位和十位
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
sec_low <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_sec_low) begin
if (end_sec_low) begin
sec_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
sec_low <= sec_low + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state == 2'b01)&&(!key_in[3])) begin
sec_low <= adjust_time[3:0];
end
else begin
sec_low <= sec_low;
end
end
assign add_sec_low = end_cnt&&((state != 2'b01)&&(flag != 3'd1));
assign end_sec_low = (sec_low == 4'd9)&&add_sec_low;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
sec_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_sec_high) begin
if (end_sec_high) begin
sec_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
sec_high <= sec_high + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state == 2'b01)&&(!key_in[3])) begin
sec_high <= adjust_time[7:4];
end
else begin
sec_high <= sec_high;
end
end
assign add_sec_high = end_sec_low&&(flag != 3'd2);
assign end_sec_high = (sec_high == 4'd5)&&add_sec_high;
//****************************************************************
//分钟计时器，通过两个计数器来控制分钟个位和十位
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
mine_low <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_mine_low) begin
if (end_mine_low) begin
mine_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
mine_low <= mine_low + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state == 2'b01)&&(!key_in[3])) begin
mine_low <= adjust_time[11:8];
end
else begin
mine_low <= mine_low;
end
end
assign add_mine_low = end_sec_high&&(flag != 3'd3);
assign end_mine_low = (mine_low == 4'd9)&& add_mine_low;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
mine_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_mine_high) begin
if (end_mine_high) begin
mine_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
mine_high <= mine_high + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state == 2'b01)&&(!key_in[3])) begin
mine_high <= adjust_time[15:12];
end
else begin
mine_high <= mine_high;
end
end
assign add_mine_high = end_mine_low &&(flag != 3'd4);
assign end_mine_high = (mine_high == 4'd5)&& add_mine_high;
//****************************************************************
//小时计时器，通过两个计数器来控制小时的个位和十位
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
hour_low <= 4'd0;
end
else if (end_hour_high) begin
hour_low <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_hour_low) begin
if (end_hour_low) begin
hour_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
hour_low <= hour_low + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state == 2'b01)&&(!key_in[3])) begin
hour_low <= adjust_time[19:16];
end
else begin
hour_low <= hour_low;
end
end
assign add_hour_low = end_mine_high&&(flag != 3'd5) ;
assign end_hour_low = (hour_low == 4'd9)&& add_hour_low;
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n ) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
hour_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (end_hour_high) begin
hour_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_hour_high) begin
hour_high <= hour_high + 1'd1;
end
else if ((state == 2'b01)&&(!key_in[3])) begin
hour_high <= adjust_time[23:20];
end
else begin
hour_high <= hour_high;
end
end
assign add_hour_high = end_hour_low&&(flag != 3'd6);
assign end_hour_high = (hour_high == 4'd2)&&(hour_low >= 4'd4);
//拼接输出值
assign times = {hour_high , hour_low , mine_high , mine_low , sec_high , sec_low};
endmodule
接下来是修改时钟模块，这里通过定义了一个位置信号来达到选择到每一位，最后把修改的数值重新赋值给基础时钟
/**************************************功能介绍***********************************
Date :
Author : WZY.
Version :
Description: 这是一个调时模块，通过位置信号和按键信号来更改
*********************************************************************************/
//---------<模块及端口声名>------------------------------------------------------
module adjust_state(
input wire clk ,//全局时钟
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [3:0] key_in ,//按键输入
input wire [1:0] state ,//状态
input wire [23:0] times ,//基本时钟时间
output wire [2:0] flag ,//位置信号
output wire [23:0] adjust_time//调整后时间
);
//---------<参数定义>---------------------------------------------------------
//调时参数定义
reg [2:0] flag_r;//位置信号
//时钟参数定义
reg [3:0] sec_low ;
reg [3:0] sec_high ;
reg [3:0] mine_low ;
reg [3:0] mine_high ;
reg [3:0] hour_low ;
reg [3:0] hour_high ;
//---------<内部信号定义>-----------------------------------------------------
//****************************************************************
//位置信号驱动
//****************************************************************
//控制位置信号
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
flag_r <= 3'd0;
end
else if ((state == 2'b01)) begin
if (!key_in[1]) begin
if (flag_r == 3'd6) begin
flag_r <= 3'd1;
end
else begin
flag_r <= flag_r + 1'b1;
end
end
else begin
flag_r <= flag_r;
end
end
else begin
flag_r <= 3'd0;
end
end
assign flag = flag_r;
//****************************************************************
//调时主要模块，当不在调时状态时使得值一直和时钟保持相等，在调时状态时
//根据位置信号和按键信号来加减值
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
sec_low <= times[3:0];
sec_high <= times[7:4];
mine_low <= times[11:8];
mine_high <= times[15:12];
hour_low <= times[19:16];
hour_high <= times[23:20];
end
else if (state != 2'b01) begin
sec_low <= times[3:0];
sec_high <= times[7:4];
mine_low <= times[11:8];
mine_high <= times[15:12];
hour_low <= times[19:16];
hour_high <= times[23:20];
end
else if (state == 2'b01) begin
if (flag_r == 3'd1) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin //当在调时状态并且位置信号为1时按下按键2使得分钟个位加1，下放同理
sec_low <= sec_low + 1'b1;
end
else if (sec_low == 4'd10) begin
sec_low <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_r == 3'd2) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
sec_high <= sec_high + 1'b1;
end
else if (sec_high == 4'd6) begin
sec_high <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_r == 3'd3) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
mine_low <= mine_low + 1'b1;
end
else if (mine_low == 4'd10) begin
mine_low <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_r == 3'd4) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
mine_high <= mine_high + 1'b1;
end
else if (mine_high == 4'd6) begin
mine_high <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_r == 3'd5) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
hour_low <= hour_low + 1'b1;
end
else if ((hour_low == 4'd10)&&(hour_high <= 4'd1)) begin
hour_low<= 4'd0;
end
else if ((hour_low == 4'd4)&&(hour_high == 4'd2)) begin
hour_low <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_r == 3'd6) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
hour_high <= hour_high + 1'b1;
end
else if ((hour_high == 4'd2)&&(hour_low >=4'd4)) begin
hour_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if ((hour_high == 4'd3)&&(hour_low < 4'd4)) begin
hour_high <= 4'd0;
end
end
else begin
sec_low <= sec_low ;
sec_high <= sec_high ;
mine_low <= mine_low ;
mine_high <= mine_high;
hour_low <= hour_low ;
hour_high <= hour_high;
end
end
end
//调值后的信号输出
assign adjust_time = {hour_high ,hour_low,mine_high , mine_low , sec_high , sec_low} ;
endmodule
下面是对于闹钟模块的介绍，闹钟模块中定时跟修改模块一致，只是会让修改后的值一直保持，只要基础时钟时间跟定时想同就使使能拉高，按下按键或者等待5s使能自动拉低，使能拉高切时间达到就使得蜂鸣器响达到闹钟的效果
/**************************************功能介绍***********************************
Date :
Author : WZY.
Version :
Description: 这是一个闹钟模块，在调时模块的基础上，增加了蜂鸣器驱动信号，；来控制定时
*********************************************************************************/
//---------<模块及端口声名>------------------------------------------------------
module alarm_clock(
input wire clk ,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [3:0] key_in ,
input wire [1:0] state ,//状态
input wire [23:0] times ,//基础时钟时间
output reg beep ,//蜂鸣器
output wire [2:0] flag_alarm,//闹钟位置信号
output wire [23:0] adjust_alarm,//设定闹钟时间
output wire led_alarm //定时led
);
//---------<参数定义>---------------------------------------------------------
parameter MAX1S = 26'd49_999_999;//1s;
//闹钟参数定义
reg [2:0] flag_alarm_r;//位置信号
reg flag_beep_r ;//蜂鸣器使能
reg [3:0] sec_low ;
reg [3:0] sec_high ;
reg [3:0] mine_low ;
reg [3:0] mine_high ;
reg [3:0] hour_low ;
reg [3:0] hour_high ;
//1s计时器参数定义
reg [25:0] cnt ;
wire add_cnt ;
wire end_cnt ;
//5s计数器参数定义
reg [2:0] cnt_5s ;
wire add_cnt_5s ;
wire end_cnt_5s ;
reg led_r ;//led信号寄存器
reg flag ;//计时驱动
//---------<内部信号定义>-----------------------------------------------------
//****************************************************************
//flag驱动控制计时
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
flag <= 0;
end
else if (end_cnt_5s) begin
flag <= 1'b0;
end
else if (adjust_alarm === times&×!= 0) begin
flag <= 1'b1;
end
else begin
flag <= flag ;
end
end
//****************************************************************
//1s计时器
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
cnt <= 26'd0;
end
else if(add_cnt)begin
if(end_cnt)begin
cnt <= 26'd0;
end
else begin
cnt <= cnt + 1'b1;
end
end
else if (state != 2'b10) begin
cnt <= 26'd0;
end
else begin
cnt <= cnt;
end
end
assign add_cnt = flag;
assign end_cnt = add_cnt && cnt == MAX1S;
//****************************************************************
//5s计时器
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
cnt_5s <= 3'd0;
end
else if(add_cnt_5s)begin
if(end_cnt_5s)begin
cnt_5s <= 3'd0;
end
else begin
cnt_5s <= cnt_5s + 1'b1;
end
end
else if (state != 2'b10) begin
cnt_5s<= 3'd0;
end
else begin
cnt_5s <= cnt_5s;
end
end
assign add_cnt_5s = end_cnt;
assign end_cnt_5s = add_cnt_5s && cnt_5s == 3'd5;
//****************************************************************
//位置信号驱动
//****************************************************************
//控制位置信号
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
flag_alarm_r <= 3'd0;
end
else if ((state == 2'b10)) begin
if (!key_in[1]) begin
if (flag_alarm_r == 3'd6) begin
flag_alarm_r <= 3'd1;
end
else begin
flag_alarm_r <= flag_alarm_r + 1'b1;
end
end
else if (!key_in[3]) begin
flag_alarm_r <= 3'd0;
end
else begin
flag_alarm_r <= flag_alarm_r;
end
end
else begin
flag_alarm_r <= 3'd0;
end
end
assign flag_alarm = flag_alarm_r;
//****************************************************************
//是定闹钟的主要模块，当不在闹钟状态时使得值一直设定的值一样，在闹钟
//时根据位置信号和按键信号来加减值
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
sec_low <= 4'd0;
sec_high <= 4'd0;
mine_low <= 4'd0;
mine_high <= 4'd0;
hour_low <= 4'd0;
hour_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (state == 2'b10) begin
if (flag_alarm_r == 3'd1) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
sec_low <= sec_low + 1'b1;
end
else if (sec_low == 4'd10) begin
sec_low <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_alarm_r == 3'd2) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
sec_high <= sec_high + 1'b1;
end
else if (sec_high == 4'd6) begin
sec_high <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_alarm_r == 3'd3) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
mine_low <= mine_low + 1'b1;
end
else if (mine_low == 4'd10) begin
mine_low <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_alarm_r == 3'd4) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
mine_high <= mine_high + 1'b1;
end
else if (mine_high == 4'd6) begin
mine_high <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_alarm_r == 3'd5) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
hour_low <= hour_low + 1'b1;
end
else if ((hour_low == 4'd10)&&(hour_high <= 4'd1)) begin
hour_low<= 4'd0;
end
else if ((hour_low == 4'd4)&&(hour_high == 4'd2)) begin
hour_low <= 4'd0;
end
end
else if (flag_alarm_r == 3'd6) begin
if (!key_in[2]) begin
hour_high <= hour_high + 1'b1;
end
else if ((hour_high == 4'd2)&&(hour_low >=4'd4)) begin
hour_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if ((hour_high == 4'd3)&&(hour_low < 4'd4)) begin
hour_high <= 4'd0;
end
end
else begin
sec_low <= sec_low ;
sec_high <= sec_high ;
mine_low <= mine_low ;
mine_high <= mine_high;
hour_low <= hour_low ;
hour_high <= hour_high;
end
end
end
assign adjust_alarm = {hour_high ,hour_low,mine_high , mine_low , sec_high , sec_low} ;
//****************************************************************
//闹钟判断和蜂鸣器模块
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
beep <= 1'b1;
end
else if ((adjust_alarm === times)&&flag_beep_r) begin//当时间达到并且使能为1时beep响
beep <= 1'b0;
end
else if (!flag_beep_r) begin//当时能为0时
beep <= 1'b1;
end
else begin
beep <= beep;
end
end
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
flag_beep_r <= 1'b0;
end
else if (end_cnt_5s) begin//当计时结束后使得使能自动归0停止闹钟
flag_beep_r <= 1'b0;
end
else if (!key_in[3]&&(state == 2'b10)) begin//当按下第四个按键时翻转用来控制开始和结束
flag_beep_r <= ~flag_beep_r;
end
else begin
flag_beep_r <= flag_beep_r;
end
end
//****************************************************************
//led显示
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
led_r <= 1'b0;
end
else if (flag_beep_r == 1) begin//当使能为1即设定了闹钟led就亮否则不亮
led_r <= 1'b1;
end
else begin
led_r <= 1'b0;
end
end
assign led_alarm = led_r;
endmodule
下面是数码管驱动模块，这里我为了让选择到的哪一位频闪所以采用了一个巧妙的三位运算符的方法来控制，大家可以自己看一下
/**************************************功能介绍***********************************
Date : 2023.8.2
Author : WZY.
Version :
Description: 这是一个数码管显示模块，用来显示各个功能的值
*********************************************************************************/
//---------<模块及端口声名>------------------------------------------------------
module seg_dirver(
input wire clk ,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [1:0] state ,//状态
input wire [23:0] times , //基础时钟寄存器
input wire [5:0] point ,//点控制寄存器
input wire [2:0] flag ,//调时位选信号
input wire [23:0] adjust_time,//调时显示寄存器
input wire [2:0] flag_alarm,//闹钟位选信号
input wire [23:0] adjust_alarm,//闹钟显示寄存器
input wire [23:0] adjust_clock,//计时器寄存器
output reg [5:0] sel ,//位选
output reg [7:0] seg //段选
);
//---------<参数定义>---------------------------------------------------------
parameter MAX20US = 10'd999;
parameter MAX_500MS = 25'd24_999_999;//500ms
//数码管译码参数
parameter ZERO = 7'b100_0000 ,
ONE = 7'b111_1001 ,
TWO = 7'b010_0100 ,
THREE = 7'b011_0000 ,
FOUR = 7'b001_1001 ,
FIVE = 7'b001_0010 ,
SIX = 7'b000_0010 ,
SEVEN = 7'b111_1000 ,
EIGHT = 7'b000_0000 ,
NINE = 7'b001_0000 ,
A = 7'b000_1000 ,
B = 7'b000_0011 ,
C = 7'b100_0110 ,
D = 7'b010_0001 ,
E = 7'b000_0110 ,
F = 7'b000_1110 ,
DARK = 7'b111_1111 ;//全灭
//---------<内部信号定义>-----------------------------------------------------
//20us计数器
reg [9:0] cnt ;
wire add_cnt ;
wire end_cnt ;
//500ms计数器
reg [24:0] cnt_500ms ;
wire add_cnt_500ms ;
wire end_cnt_500ms ;
reg flash;//闪烁信号
reg [23:0] num ;//位选赋值寄存器
reg [4:0] seg_temp;//seg单位值
reg point_r ;//点位控制
//****************************************************************
//20us计数器
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
cnt <= 10'd0;
end
else if(add_cnt)begin
if(end_cnt)begin
cnt <= 10'd0;
end
else begin
cnt <= cnt + 1'b1;
end
end
end
assign add_cnt = 1'b1;
assign end_cnt = add_cnt && cnt == MAX20US;
//****************************************************************
//500ms计数器
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
cnt_500ms <= 25'd0;
end
else if(add_cnt_500ms)begin
if(end_cnt_500ms)begin
cnt_500ms <= 25'd0;
end
else begin
cnt_500ms <= cnt_500ms + 1'b1;
end
end
else begin
cnt_500ms <= 25'd0;
end
end
assign add_cnt_500ms = (state == 2'b01)||(state == 2'b10);
assign end_cnt_500ms = add_cnt_500ms && cnt_500ms == MAX_500MS;
//****************************************************************
//驱动闪烁信号
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
flash <= 1'b0;
end
else if (end_cnt_500ms) begin//每500ms翻转一次
flash <= ~flash;
end
else if ((state != 2'b01)&&(state != 2'b10)) begin//当不在调时和闹钟状态归0
flash <= 1'b0;
end
else begin
flash <=flash;
end
end
//****************************************************************
//seg显示选择.根据状态选择数码管显示的值
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
num <= 24'd0;
end
else if (state == 2'b00) begin
num <=times;
end
else if (state == 2'b01) begin
num <= adjust_time;
end
else if (state == 2'b10) begin
num <= adjust_alarm;
end
else if (state == 2'b11) begin
num <= adjust_clock;
end
else begin
num <= num;
end
end
//****************************************************************
//驱动sel
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
sel <= 6'b111_110;
end
else if(end_cnt)begin
sel <= {sel[4:0],sel[5]};
end
else begin
sel <= sel;
end
end
//****************************************************************
//位选赋值，当选择到哪一位哪一位进行频闪
//****************************************************************
always @(*) begin
case (sel)
6'b011111:begin seg_temp = (flash&&((flag==3'd1||(flag_alarm == 3'd1))))?5'd15 : num[3:0] ; point_r = point[0];end
6'b101111:begin seg_temp = (flash&&((flag==3'd2||(flag_alarm == 3'd2))))?5'd15 : num[7:4] ; point_r = point[1];end
6'b110111:begin seg_temp = (flash&&((flag==3'd3||(flag_alarm == 3'd3))))?5'd15 : num[11:8] ; point_r = point[2];end
6'b111011:begin seg_temp = (flash&&((flag==3'd4||(flag_alarm == 3'd4))))?5'd15 : num[15:12] ; point_r = point[3];end
6'b111101:begin seg_temp = (flash&&((flag==3'd5||(flag_alarm == 3'd5))))?5'd15 : num[19:16] ; point_r = point[4];end
6'b111110:begin seg_temp = (flash&&((flag==3'd6||(flag_alarm == 3'd6))))?5'd15 : num[23:20] ; point_r = point[5];end
default: seg_temp = 4'd0;
endcase
end
//****************************************************************
//译码
//****************************************************************
always @(*) begin
case (seg_temp)
4'd0: seg = {point_r,ZERO };
4'd1: seg = {point_r,ONE };
4'd2: seg = {point_r,TWO };
4'd3: seg = {point_r,THREE };
4'd4: seg = {point_r,FOUR };
4'd5: seg = {point_r,FIVE };
4'd6: seg = {point_r,SIX };
4'd7: seg = {point_r,SEVEN };
4'd8: seg = {point_r,EIGHT };
4'd9: seg = {point_r,NINE };
4'd15:seg = {point_r,DARK};
default: seg = 8'b1111_1111;
endcase
end
endmodule
最后是消抖和秒表比较简单
消抖
module key_debounce (
input wire clk ,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [3:0] key_in ,
output wire [3:0] key_out
);
parameter MAX20ms = 20'd999_999;
wire add_cnt;//倒计时开始使能
wire end_cnt;//倒计时结束使能
reg [19:0] cnt_20ms;//20ms计数寄存器
reg [3:0] key_r0;//同步
reg [3:0] key_r1;//打拍
reg start;//下降沿检测寄存器
reg [3:0] flag;
reg [3:0] key_out_r;//输出按键信号寄存器
wire nedge;
//下降沿检测
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
key_r0 <= 4'b1111;
key_r1 <= 4'b1111;
end
else begin
key_r0 <= key_in;
key_r1 <= key_r0;
end
end
assign nedge = (~key_r0[0]&key_r1[0])||(~key_r0[1]&key_r1[1])||(~key_r0[2]&key_r1[2])||(~key_r0[3]&key_r1[3]);
//20ms计时器
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
cnt_20ms <= 20'd0;
end
else if (nedge) begin
cnt_20ms <= 20'd0;
end
else if (add_cnt) begin
if (end_cnt) begin
cnt_20ms <= 20'd0;
end
else begin
cnt_20ms <= cnt_20ms + 1'b1;
end
end
else begin
cnt_20ms <= 20'd0;
end
end
assign add_cnt = start;
assign end_cnt = add_cnt && (cnt_20ms == MAX20ms);
//约束start
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
start <= 1'b0;
end
else if (nedge) begin
start <= 1'b1;
end
else if (end_cnt) begin
start <= 1'b0;
end
else begin
start <= start ;
end
end
//约束flag
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
flag <= 4'b1111;
end
else if (nedge) begin
flag <= 4'b1111;
end
else if (end_cnt) begin
flag <= key_r0;
end
else begin
flag <= 4'b1111 ;
end
end
//脉冲信号
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
key_out_r <= 4'b1111;
end
else if (!flag[0]) begin
key_out_r <= 4'b1110;
end
else if (!flag[1]) begin
key_out_r <= 4'b1101;
end
else if (!flag[2]) begin
key_out_r <= 4'b1011;
end
else if (!flag[3]) begin
key_out_r <= 4'b0111;
end
else begin
key_out_r <= 4'b1111;
end
end
// //持续信号
// always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
// if (!rst_n) begin
// key_out_r <= 4'b1111;
// end
// else if (!flag[0]) begin
// key_out_r <= 4'b1110;
// end
// else if (!flag[1]) begin
// key_out_r <= 4'b1101;
// end
// else if (!flag[2]) begin
// key_out_r <= 4'b1011;
// end
// else if (!flag[3]) begin
// key_out_r <= 4'b0111;
// end
// else begin
// key_out_r <= key_out_r;
// end
// end
assign key_out = key_out_r;
endmodule```
秒表
```cpp
/**************************************功能介绍***********************************
Date :
Author : WZY.
Version :
Description: 这是一个秒表
*********************************************************************************/
//---------<模块及端口声名>------------------------------------------------------
module stop_watch(
input wire clk ,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [3:0] key_in ,
input wire [1:0] state ,
output wire [23:0] adjust_clock//秒表寄存器（分钟/秒/毫秒/）
);
//---------<参数定义>---------------------------------------------------------
parameter max1ms = 19'd499_999;//100ms
reg [3:0] ms_low;
reg [3:0] ms_high;
reg [3:0] s_low;
reg [3:0] s_high;
reg [3:0] mine_low;
reg [3:0] mine_high;
reg [18:0] cnt ;
wire add_cnt ;
wire end_cnt ;
wire add_cnt_ms_low;
wire end_cnt_ms_low;
wire add_cnt_ms_high;
wire end_cnt_ms_high;
wire add_cnt_s_low;
wire end_cnt_s_low;
wire add_cnt_s_high;
wire end_cnt_s_high;
wire add_cnt_mine_low;
wire end_cnt_mine_low;
wire add_cnt_mine_high;
wire end_cnt_mine_high;
reg flag_clock;
//---------<内部信号定义>-----------------------------------------------------
//****************************************************************
//秒表使能
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
flag_clock <= 1'b0;
end
else if ((!key_in[1])&&(state == 2'b11)) begin
flag_clock <= ~flag_clock;
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||(!key_in[2])) begin
flag_clock <= 1'b0;
end
else begin
flag_clock <= flag_clock;
end
end
//****************************************************************
//100ms计数器
//****************************************************************
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
cnt <= 19'd0;
end
else if(add_cnt)begin
if(end_cnt)begin
cnt <= 19'd0;
end
else begin
cnt <= cnt + 1'b1;
end
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||(!key_in[2])) begin
cnt <= 19'd0;
end
else begin
cnt <= cnt;
end
end
assign add_cnt = (state == 2'b11)&&(flag_clock);
assign end_cnt = add_cnt && (cnt == max1ms);
//****************************************************************
//秒表模块
//****************************************************************
//ms
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
ms_low <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_cnt_ms_low) begin
if (end_cnt_ms_low) begin
ms_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
ms_low <= ms_low + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||((state == 2'b11)&&(!key_in[2]))) begin
ms_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
ms_low <= ms_low;
end
end
assign add_cnt_ms_low = end_cnt;
assign end_cnt_ms_low = add_cnt_ms_low&&(ms_low == 9);
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
ms_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_cnt_ms_high) begin
if (end_cnt_ms_high) begin
ms_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
ms_high <= ms_high + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||((state == 2'b11)&&(!key_in[2]))) begin
ms_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
ms_high <= ms_high;
end
end
assign add_cnt_ms_high = end_cnt_ms_low;
assign end_cnt_ms_high = add_cnt_ms_high&&(ms_high == 5);
//s
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
s_low <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_cnt_s_low) begin
if (end_cnt_s_low) begin
s_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
s_low <= s_low + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||((state == 2'b11)&&(!key_in[2]))) begin
s_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
s_low <= s_low;
end
end
assign add_cnt_s_low = end_cnt_ms_high;
assign end_cnt_s_low = add_cnt_s_low&&(s_low == 9);
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
s_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_cnt_s_high) begin
if (end_cnt_s_high) begin
s_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
s_high <= s_high + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||((state == 2'b11)&&(!key_in[2]))) begin
s_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
s_high <= s_high;
end
end
assign add_cnt_s_high = end_cnt_s_low;
assign end_cnt_s_high = add_cnt_s_high&&(s_high == 5);
//mine
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
mine_low <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_cnt_mine_low) begin
if (end_cnt_mine_low) begin
mine_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
mine_low <= mine_low + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||((state == 2'b11)&&(!key_in[2]))) begin
mine_low <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
mine_low <= mine_low;
end
end
assign add_cnt_mine_low = end_cnt_s_high;
assign end_cnt_mine_low = add_cnt_mine_low&&(mine_low == 9);
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
mine_high <= 4'd0;
end
else if (add_cnt_mine_high) begin
if (end_cnt_mine_high) begin
mine_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
mine_high <= mine_high + 1'd1;
end
end
else if ((state != 2'b11)||((state == 2'b11)&&(!key_in[2]))) begin
mine_high <= 4'd0;
end
else begin
mine_high <= mine_high;
end
end
assign add_cnt_mine_high = end_cnt_mine_low;
assign end_cnt_mine_high = add_cnt_mine_high&&(mine_high == 5);
assign adjust_clock = {mine_high , mine_low ,s_high , s_low , ms_high,ms_low};
endmodule
顶层
/**************************************功能介绍***********************************
Date : 2023.8.2
Author : WZY.
Version :
Description: 这是一个顶层模块
*********************************************************************************/
//---------<模块及端口声名>------------------------------------------------------
module top(
input wire clk ,
input wire rst_n ,
input wire [3:0] key_in ,
output wire [3:0] led_on ,
output wire beep ,
output wire [5:0] sel ,
output wire [7:0] seg
);
//---------<参数定义>---------------------------------------------------------
wire [3:0] key_debounce;
wire [1:0] state;
wire [2:0] flag;
wire [23:0] times;
wire [23:0] adjust_time;
wire [2:0] flag_alarm;
wire [23:0] adjust_alarm;
wire [23:0] adjust_clock;
//---------<内部信号定义>-----------------------------------------------------
// // ****************************************************************
// // 模块例化
// // ****************************************************************
// //消抖模块例化
// key_debounce key_debounce_inst(
// .clk (clk),
// .rst_n (rst_n),
// .key_in (key_in),
// .key_out (key_debounce)
// );
// //状态机例化
// state_change state_change_inst(
// .clk (clk),
// .rst_n (rst_n),
// .key_in (key_debounce),//按键输入
// .beep (beep) ,
// .led_on (led_on[1:0]),//led灯显示用来判断当前在什么状态
// .state (state) //状态输出
// );
// //基础时钟例化
// counter counter_inst(
// .clk (clk),
// .rst_n (rst_n),
// .key_in (key_debounce),
// .state (state),
// .flag (flag),
// .times (times),
// .adjust_time (adjust_time) //时间调整
// );
// //调时模块例化
// adjust_state adjust_state_inst(
// .clk (clk),
// .rst_n (rst_n),
// .key_in (key_debounce),
// .state (state),
// .times (times),
// .flag (flag),
// .adjust_time (adjust_time)
// );
// //闹钟模块例化
// alarm_clock alarm_clock_inst(
// .clk (clk),
// .rst_n (rst_n),
// .key_in (key_debounce),
// .state (state),
// .times (times),
// .beep (beep),
// .flag_alarm (flag_alarm),
// .adjust_alarm (adjust_alarm),
// .led_alarm (led_on[3])
// );
// //秒表模块例化
// stop_watch stop_watch_inst(
// .clk (clk),
// .rst_n (rst_n),
// .key_in (key_debounce),
// .state (state),
// .adjust_clock (adjust_clock)//秒表寄存器（分钟/秒/毫秒/）
// );
// //数码管驱动例化
// seg_dirver seg_dirver_inst(
// .clk (clk),
// .rst_n (rst_n),
// .state (state),
// .times (times),
// .point (6'b101011),
// .flag (flag),//调时位选信号
// .adjust_time (adjust_time),//调时显示寄存器
// .flag_alarm (flag_alarm),//闹钟位选信号
// .adjust_alarm (adjust_alarm),//闹钟显示寄存器
// .adjust_clock (adjust_clock),//秒表显示寄存器
// .sel (sel),
// .seg (seg)
// );
// ****************************************************************
// 模块例化
// ****************************************************************
//消抖模块例化
//状态机例化
state_change state_change_inst(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),
.key_in (key_in),//按键输入
.beep (beep) ,
.led_on (led_on[1:0]),//led灯显示用来判断当前在什么状态
.state (state) //状态输出
);
//基础时钟例化
counter counter_inst(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),
.key_in (key_in),
.state (state),
.flag (flag),
.times (times),
.adjust_time (adjust_time) //时间调整
);
//调时模块例化
adjust_state adjust_state_inst(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),
.key_in (key_),
.state (state),
.times (times),
.flag (flag),
.adjust_time (adjust_time)
);
//闹钟模块例化
alarm_clock alarm_clock_inst(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),
.key_in (key_in),
.state (state),
.times (times),
.beep (beep),
.flag_alarm (flag_alarm),
.adjust_alarm (adjust_alarm),
.led_alarm (led_on[3])
);
//秒表模块例化
stop_watch stop_watch_inst(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),
.key_in (key_in),
.state (state),
.adjust_clock (adjust_clock)//秒表寄存器（分钟/秒/毫秒/）
);
//数码管驱动例化
seg_dirver seg_dirver_inst(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),
.state (state),
.times (times),
.point (6'b101011),
.flag (flag),//调时位选信号
.adjust_time (adjust_time),//调时显示寄存器
.flag_alarm (flag_alarm),//闹钟位选信号
.adjust_alarm (adjust_alarm),//闹钟显示寄存器
.adjust_clock (adjust_clock),//秒表显示寄存器
.sel (sel),
.seg (seg)
);
endmodule
四，测试文件
`timescale 1ns/1ns
module top_tb();
//激励信号定义
reg clk ;
reg rst_n ;
reg [3:0] key_in ;
//输出信号定义
wire [3:0] led_on ;
wire beep ;
wire [5:0] sel ;
wire [7:0] seg ;
//时钟周期参数定义
parameter CYCLE = 20;
defparam top_inst.counter_inst.MAX1s = 10*CYCLE,
top_inst.seg_dirver_inst.MAX20US = CYCLE,
top_inst.seg_dirver_inst.MAX_500MS = 5*CYCLE,
top_inst.alarm_clock_inst.MAX1S = 10*CYCLE;
//模块例化
top top_inst(
.clk (clk),
.rst_n (rst_n),
.key_in (key_in),
.led_on (led_on),
.beep (beep),
.sel (sel),
.seg (seg)
);
//产生时钟
initial clk = 1'b0;
always #(CYCLE/2) clk = ~clk;
//产生激励
// //调值模块仿真
// initial begin
// rst_n = 1'b1;
// key_in = 4'b1111;
// #(CYCLE*2);
// rst_n = 1'b0;
// #(CYCLE*20);
// rst_n = 1'b1;
// #(CYCLE*10000) //延迟10000个周期来观察基础时钟
// key_in = 4'b1110;//按下key0进入调时状态
// #CYCLE
// key_in = 4'b1111;
// #(CYCLE*20)
// key_in = 4'b1101; //按下key1选择第一位
// #CYCLE
// key_in = 4'b1111;
// #(CYCLE*20)
// repeat(5)begin
// key_in = 4'b1011;//连续按下key2使得秒的个位+1
// #(CYCLE)
// key_in = 4'b1111;
// #(CYCLE*20);
// end
// #(CYCLE*100)
// key_in = 4'b0111;//按下key3确定更改时间
// #(CYCLE)
// key_in = 4'b1111;
// #(CYCLE*10000)
// $stop;
// end
//调值模块仿真
initial begin
rst_n = 1'b1;
key_in = 4'b1111;
#(CYCLE*2);
rst_n = 1'b0;
#(CYCLE*20);
rst_n = 1'b1;
key_in = 4'b1101;//按下key1进入闹钟状态
#CYCLE
key_in = 4'b1111;
#(CYCLE*20)
key_in = 4'b1101; //按下key1选择第一位
#CYCLE
key_in = 4'b1111;
#(CYCLE*20)
key_in = 4'b1101; //按下key1选择第二位
#CYCLE
key_in = 4'b1111;
#(CYCLE*20)
repeat(5)begin
key_in = 4'b1011;//连续按下key2使得秒的个位+1使得计时50s
#(CYCLE)
key_in = 4'b1111;
#(CYCLE*20);
end
key_in = 4'b0111;//按下key3确定设定闹钟
#(CYCLE)
key_in = 4'b1111;
#(CYCLE*10000) //延迟10000个周期等待闹钟触发
#(CYCLE*10000)
$stop;
end
endmodule
波形：
这是基础时钟的仿真波形，可以看到基础功能实现
这是修改时间模块的波形，可以看到当按键按下时状态改变并且当按下key1时位置信号变为001表示控制个位，之后按下key2个位数字+1并且按下key3时基础时钟的times变更为更改时间adjust_time的值说明更改成功基本功能实现
下面是闹钟模块的仿真波形，可以看到当设置闹钟后，等到基础时钟到达设定值，蜂鸣器拉低，开始5s计时，当计时结束蜂鸣器拉高停止响，这里我也同样做了按键停止，但是效果差不多，就只展示计时停止
六，结果展示
上板验证
![[国产MCU]-BL602开发实例-定时器](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/9492ba0c826d4d9e8a37d5a68282a75b.png#pic_center)
