目录

1、需求

2、项目准备

pom.xml

SQL

jdbc.properties

log4j.properties

applicationContext.xml

spring-mvc.xml

web.xml

3、工作流程

4、难点

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项目已经上传到gitee：https://gitee.com/xzl-it/my-projects

1、需求

SpringMVC项目练习：数据后台管理系统

结合MVC和三重架构，使用Spring和SpringMVC实现前后端交互的web应用。

项目页面实现如下：

 

2、项目准备

Spring环境搭建步骤

① 创建工程 (Project&Module)

② 导入静态页面 (这部分后面再细讲)

③ 导入需要坐标 (pom.xml)

④ 创建包结构 (controller、service、dao、domain、utils)

⑤ 执行对应的sql语句

⑥ 创建POJO类 (User.java和Role.java)

⑦ 创建配置文件 (applicationContext.xml、spring-mvc.xml、jdbc.properties、log4j.properties)

总体环境搭建完成后，目录结构如下：

下面是项目需要的配置文件：

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>projectForSpringMVC</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>8080</port><!--访问端口号 -->
                    <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.32</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

SQL

/* 创建数据库 'SpringMVC' */
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `SpringMVC` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;

/* 使用数据库 'SpringMVC' */
USE `SpringMVC`;

/* 创建表 'sys_role' */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `roleName` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `roleDescription` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/* 插入数据到表 'sys_role' */
INSERT INTO `sys_role`(`id`,`roleName`,`roleDesc`)
VALUES (1,'院长','负责全面工作'),
       (2,'研究员','课程研发工作'),
       (3,'讲师','授课工作'),
       (4,'助教','协助解决学生的问题');

/* 创建表 'sys_user' */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `email` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `password` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phoneNum` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/* 插入数据到表 'sys_user' */
INSERT INTO `sys_user`(`id`,`username`,`email`,`password`,`phoneNum`)
VALUES (1,'zhangsan','zhangsan@itcast.cn','123','13888888888'),
       (2,'lisi','lisi@itcast.cn','123','13999999999'),
       (3,'wangwu','wangwu@itcast.cn','123','18599999999');

/* 创建表 'sys_user_role' */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user_role` (
  `userId` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `roleId` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`userId`,`roleId`),
  KEY `roleId` (`roleId`),
  CONSTRAINT `sys_user_role_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`userId`) REFERENCES `sys_user` (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `sys_user_role_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`roleId`) REFERENCES `sys_role` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/* 插入数据到表 'sys_user_role' */
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role`(`userId`,`roleId`)
VALUES (1,1),
       (1,2),
       (2,2),
       (2,3);

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springmvc
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=xzlXZGK680

log4j.properties

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### direct messages to file mylog.log ###
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=c:/mylog.log
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###

log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
    <!--非自定义对象，在这里配置，自定义对象我全部使用注解-->
    <!--1、组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xzl">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!--2、加载jdbc.properties-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--3、配置数据源对象-->
    <bean id="dataSource_C3p0" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="dataSource_Druid" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4、配置JdbcTemplate对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource_Druid"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--1、配置mvc注解驱动，自动加载json转换工具-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--2、配置视图资源解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--3、静态资源放行-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--4、组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xzl">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--解决乱码的过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!--全局的初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!--Spring的监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>


    <!--SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

3、工作流程

这里以一个请求动作进行举例：

前端对后端服务器的请求，被前端控制器全部拦截，交由对应的控制器；

控制器调用业务逻辑层代码，封装模型和视图；

业务逻辑层调用数据访问层代码，封装需要的数据进行返回；

最后返回到控制器进行全部封装完成，相应到对应的视图资源进行返回前端。

总体过程如图：

4、难点

这个过程主要是多表查询，要分清楚主键约束，即删表的时候要先删用户表，再删关系表。

还有一个就是存储过程中，用户的id是由MySQL自动生成的，存储过程获取不到，这里使用PreparedStatementCreator。

在UserDaoImpl.java中：

@Override
public Long save(final User user) {
    // 创建PreparedStatementCreator，用于构建PreparedStatement
    PreparedStatementCreator creator = new PreparedStatementCreator() {
        @Override
        public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
            // 使用原始jdbc完成PreparedStatement的组建
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("insert into sys_user values(?,?,?,?,?)", PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
            preparedStatement.setObject(1, null); // 设置第一个占位符为NULL，通常用于表示主键自动生成
            preparedStatement.setString(2, user.getUsername()); // 设置第二个占位符为用户的用户名
            preparedStatement.setString(3, user.getEmail()); // 设置第三个占位符为用户的电子邮件地址
            preparedStatement.setString(4, user.getPassword()); // 设置第四个占位符为用户的密码
            preparedStatement.setString(5, user.getPhoneNum()); // 设置第五个占位符为用户的电话号码
            return preparedStatement;
        }
    };
    // 创建keyHolder，用于获取自动生成的主键
    GeneratedKeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
    // 使用jdbcTemplate执行SQL插入，并将生成的主键保存到keyHolder中
    jdbcTemplate.update(creator, keyHolder);
    // 获得生成的主键
    long userId = keyHolder.getKey().longValue();
    // 返回当前保存用户的id，该id是数据库自动生成的
    return userId;
}