前言

一. 数据来源分析

1. 明确需求

明确采集网站以及数据内容
数据: 职位信息

网址: https://we.51job.com/pc/search?keyword=python&searchType=3&sortType=0&metro=

2. 抓包分析

通过开发者工具进行抓包分析
I. 打开开发者工具: F12 / 右键点击检查选择network
暂时可能没有数据包或者数据包比较少 <数据不完整>
II. 刷新网页: 让数据内容重新加载一遍
III. 通过关键字去搜索查询对应数据包
关键字: 我们需要的数据

https://we.51job.com/api/job/search-pc?api_key=51job&timestamp=1690980373&keyword=python&searchType=3&function=&industry=&jobArea=000000&jobArea3=&landmark=&metro=&salary=&workYear=&degree=&companyType=&companySize=&jobType=&issueDate=&sortType=0&pageNum=1&requestId=&pageSize=30&source=1&accountId=&pageCode=sou%7Csou%7Csoulb

二. 代码实现步骤

1. 发送请求, 模拟浏览器对于url地址发送请求

请求链接地址: 找到数据包链接

2. 获取数据, 获取服务器返回响应数据

开发者工具: response <所有数据内容>

3. 解析数据, 提取我们需要的数据内容

职位，公司，薪资，城市，经验，学历要求等

4. 保存数据, 把数据保存本地文件 csv Excel 数据库文本…

职位信息代码实现

请求数据

上面的抓包分析已经说的很清楚，所以不再赘述
这里请求我们需加上

Cookie：用户信息, 常用于检测是否登陆账号 <登陆与否都有cookie>
Referer：防盗链, 告诉服务器请求链接地址, 是从哪里跳转过来
User-Agent：用户代理, 表示浏览器基本身份信息

# 模拟浏览器
headers = {
    'Cookie': 'guid=54b7a6c4c43a33111912f2b5ac6699e2; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2254b7a6c4c43a33111912f2b5ac6699e2%22%2C%22first_id%22%3A%221892b08f9d11c8-09728ce3464dad8-26031d51-3686400-1892b08f9d211e7%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC_%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22%22%7D%2C%22identities%22%3A%22eyIkaWRlbnRpdHlfY29va2llX2lkIjoiMTg5MmIwOGY5ZDExYzgtMDk3MjhjZTM0NjRkYWQ4LTI2MDMxZDUxLTM2ODY0MDAtMTg5MmIwOGY5ZDIxMWU3IiwiJGlkZW50aXR5X2xvZ2luX2lkIjoiNTRiN2E2YzRjNDNhMzMxMTE5MTJmMmI1YWM2Njk5ZTIifQ%3D%3D%22%2C%22history_login_id%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22%24identity_login_id%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2254b7a6c4c43a33111912f2b5ac6699e2%22%7D%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%221892b08f9d11c8-09728ce3464dad8-26031d51-3686400-1892b08f9d211e7%22%7D; nsearch=jobarea%3D%26%7C%26ord_field%3D%26%7C%26recentSearch0%3D%26%7C%26recentSearch1%3D%26%7C%26recentSearch2%3D%26%7C%26recentSearch3%3D%26%7C%26recentSearch4%3D%26%7C%26collapse_expansion%3D; privacy=1690977331; Hm_lvt_1370a11171bd6f2d9b1fe98951541941=1688644162,1690977332; Hm_lpvt_1370a11171bd6f2d9b1fe98951541941=1690979700; search=jobarea%7E%60%7C%21recentSearch0%7E%60000000%A1%FB%A1%FA000000%A1%FB%A1%FA0000%A1%FB%A1%FA00%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA9%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA%A1%FB%A1%FA0%A1%FB%A1%FApython%A1%FB%A1%FA2%A1%FB%A1%FA1%7C%21recentSearch1%7E%60010000%2C020000%2C030200%2C040000%2C090200%A1%FB%A1%FA000000%A1%FB%A1%FA0000%A1%FB%A1%FA00%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA9%A1%FB%A1%FA99%A1%FB%A1%FA%A1%FB%A1%FA0%A1%FB%A1%FApython%A1%FB%A1%FA2%A1%FB%A1%FA1%7C%21; acw_tc=ac11000116909815830311339e00e171910033f29edaf40a9eeee0368c9110; acw_sc__v2=64ca54d2e0effb7debcb282d322b72a10e69b3c3; JSESSIONID=C9461FAAB4EEE90D560B795EF5067188; ssxmod_itna2=Yui=DK0I4+xR2xl4iqdRbUwqGqLBxQqKaBxikvTChDlPIQDjbrx0=ntaoC6D60BGQKRCldAQhTtK3g0q52oj02etMgwGTwD1YkKqKVKnCSBO42lue=O7gl1BbsBYS+/0+Vj3n97v/gTOReY8U1nFVQhTh6vQDruNzp9CTtm7DpIQux5r7huQyayh/7pvt9vwvF8zxFizxE3h3RYIKfKm4pid8t4+ehdr4=0Utj0w8Qe5TjLNdUBkR7PFNleEm=nQ7P47z2PkQGqFQdWFCnE=heRRaZYks/7cQQy+DOHdqWUHCBviqy44mhSW9djb/nuRe71K07ibT4b4UuefvBWnQl2L8mGj4LA+gCvzRbg84czpumImzm9/xCtoHQgQCp3qOZ+o6ee=xoFQgqdWlIPtubtP8Gfoi2xty9NygQgR+bpihmbPSyDOjefiKyQZommom0cT5+we8uGTFOgbrLihvWVxNoprgRPxKW3yfY4m9pV/4WGmiPTgIxqqlhYQ5txDKLDtYCIAPYOP0Oe5k2=K3hOTvTG7Ywq0xD7=DY9xeD==; ssxmod_itna=eq0xcDuiD=DQYiIK0Lc7tD9DRE6oiYoYdd77Dl=7QxA5D8D6DQeGTT2deWbiK=eDCqfsYIBdTqapWtY7whq8AmSoDHxY=DUPObIoD4fKGwD0eG+DD4DWDmmFDnxAQDjxGpnXvTs=DEDmb8DWPDYxDrE=KDRxi7DDyd7x07DQH8OGiqEOYF33vm0hGhqQi8D75pDlpxEfEwfR8qBOAAm/53wx0kg40OnoHz8ooDU0IzcZyrdG4eI0qxT7G3YW0KtGiKIQDehmrx7uq4Yj2TxgenHirS4D',
    'Referer': 'https://we.51job.com/pc/search?keyword=python&searchType=3&sortType=0&metro=',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/115.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
}
# 请求链接
url = 'https://we.51job.com/api/job/search-pc'
# 请求参数
data = {
    'api_key': '51job',
    'timestamp': '1690982356',
    'keyword': 'python',
    'searchType': '2',
    'function': '',
    'industry': '',
    'jobArea': '000000',
    'jobArea2': '',
    'landmark': '',
    'metro': '',
    'salary': '',
    'workYear': '',
    'degree': '',
    'companyType': '',
    'companySize': '',
    'jobType': '',
    'issueDate': '',
    'sortType': '0',
    'pageNum': '1',
    'requestId': '',
    'pageSize': '20',
    'source': '1',
    'accountId': '',
    'pageCode': 'sou|sou|soulb',
}

response = requests.get(url=url, params=data, headers=headers)
print(response)

调用requests模块里面get请求方法, 对于url地址发送请求, 并且携带上headers请求头伪装, 最后用response自定义变量接受返回数据

解析数据

字典取值 --> 键值对取值：根据冒号左边的内容[键], 提取冒号右边的内容[值]
for 循环遍历提取 index 是自定义变量, 用于接受列表里面元素

list_data = response.json()['resultbody']['job']['items']
for index in list_data:
    # index 字典
    dit = {
        '职位': index['jobName'],
        '公司': index['fullCompanyName'],
        '薪资': index['provideSalaryString'],
        '城市': index['jobAreaString'],
        '经验': index['workYearString'],
        '学历': index['degreeString'],
        '公司性质': index['companyTypeString'],
        '公司规模': index['companySizeString'],
        '公司领域': index['industryType1Str'],
        '标签': ','.join(index['jobTags']),
        '职位详情页': index['jobHref'],
        '公司详情页': index['companyHref'],
    }
    print(dit)

保存到csv

f = open('python.csv', mode='w', encoding='utf-8', newline='')
csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=[
    '职位',
    '公司',
    '薪资',
    '城市',
    '经验',
    '学历',
    '公司性质',
    '公司规模',
    '公司领域',
    '标签',
    '职位详情页',
    '公司详情页',
])
csv_writer.writeheader()

数据可视化展示

Python学历要求

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Pie
from pyecharts.faker import Faker
from pyecharts.globals import CurrentConfig, NotebookType
CurrentConfig.NOTEBOOK_TYPE = NotebookType.JUPYTER_LAB
c = (
    Pie()
    .add(
        "",
        [
            list(z)
            for z in zip(edu_type,edu_num)
        ],
        center=["40%", "50%"],
    )
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Python学历要求"),
        legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),
    )
    .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
)
c.load_javascript()

Python招聘城市分布

c = (
    Pie()
    .add(
        "",
        [
            list(z)
            for z in zip(city_type,city_num)
        ],
        center=["40%", "50%"],
    )
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Python招聘城市分布"),
        legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),
    )
    .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
)
c.render_notebook()

Python工作薪资\n\n最低薪资区间

pie1 = (
    Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme='dark',width='1000px',height='600px'))
    
    .add('', datas_pair_1, radius=['35%', '60%'])
    .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}:{d}%"))
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
            title="Python工作薪资\n\n最低薪资区间", 
            pos_left='center', 
            pos_top='center',
            title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                color='#F0F8FF', 
                font_size=20, 
                font_weight='bold'
            ),
        )
    )
    .set_colors(['#EF9050', '#3B7BA9', '#6FB27C', '#FFAF34', '#D8BFD8', '#00BFFF', '#7FFFAA'])
)
pie1.render_notebook()

Python工作薪资\n\n最高薪资区间

pie1 = (
    Pie(init_opts=opts.InitOpts(theme='dark',width='1000px',height='600px'))
    
    .add('', datas_pair_2, radius=['35%', '60%'])
    .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}:{d}%"))
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(
            title="Python工作薪资\n\n最高薪资区间", 
            pos_left='center', 
            pos_top='center',
            title_textstyle_opts=opts.TextStyleOpts(
                color='#F0F8FF', 
                font_size=20, 
                font_weight='bold'
            ),
        )
    )
    .set_colors(['#EF9050', '#3B7BA9', '#6FB27C', '#FFAF34', '#D8BFD8', '#00BFFF', '#7FFFAA'])
)
pie1.render_notebook()

Python招聘经验要求

exp_type = df['经验'].value_counts().index.to_list()
exp_num = df['经验'].value_counts().to_list()
c = (
    Pie()
    .add(
        "",
        [
            list(z)
            for z in zip(exp_type,exp_num)
        ],
        center=["40%", "50%"],
    )
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Python招聘经验要求"),
        legend_opts=opts.LegendOpts(type_="scroll", pos_left="80%", orient="vertical"),
    )
    .set_series_opts(label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(formatter="{b}: {c}"))
)
c.render_notebook()

各大城市Python低平均薪资

from pyecharts.charts import Bar
# 创建柱状图实例
c = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(CityType)
    .add_yaxis("", CityNum)
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="各大城市Python低平均薪资"),
        visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
            dimension=1,
            pos_right="5%",
            max_=30,
            is_inverse=True,
        ),
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=45))  # 设置X轴标签旋转角度为45度
    )
    .set_series_opts(
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
        markline_opts=opts.MarkLineOpts(
            data=[
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),
            ]
        ),
    )
)

c.render_notebook()

各大城市Python高平均薪资

# 创建柱状图实例
c = (
    Bar()
    .add_xaxis(CityType_1)
    .add_yaxis("", CityNum_1)
    .set_global_opts(
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="各大城市Python高平均薪资"),
        visualmap_opts=opts.VisualMapOpts(
            dimension=1,
            pos_right="5%",
            max_=30,
            is_inverse=True,
        ),
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(axislabel_opts=opts.LabelOpts(rotate=45))  # 设置X轴标签旋转角度为45度
    )
    .set_series_opts(
        label_opts=opts.LabelOpts(is_show=False),
        markline_opts=opts.MarkLineOpts(
            data=[
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="min", name="最小值"),
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="max", name="最大值"),
                opts.MarkLineItem(type_="average", name="平均值"),
            ]
        ),
    )
)

c.render_notebook()

Python招聘企业公司性质分布

from pyecharts.charts import Bar # 导入pyecharts里面柱状图
from pyecharts.faker import Faker # 导入随机生成数据
from pyecharts.globals import ThemeType # 主题设置

c = (
    Bar({"theme": ThemeType.MACARONS}) # 主题设置
    .add_xaxis(c_type)  # x轴数据
    .add_yaxis("", c_num) # Y轴数据
    .set_global_opts(
        # 标题显示
        title_opts={"text": "Python招聘企业公司性质分布", "subtext": "民营', '已上市', '外资（非欧美）', '合资', '国企', '外资（欧美）', '事业单位'"}
    )
    # 保存html文件
#     .render("bar_base_dict_config.html")
)
# print(Faker.choose()) # ['小米', '三星', '华为', '苹果', '魅族', 'VIVO', 'OPPO'] 数据类目
# print(Faker.values()) # [38, 54, 20, 85, 71, 22, 38] 数据个数
c.render_notebook() # 直接显示在jupyter上面