【Python】Python使用Tk实现动态爱心效果
- 画布使用了缓存机制，启动时绘制足够多的帧数，运行时一帧帧地取出来展示，明显更流畅，加快了程序执行速度。
- 将控制跳动动画的函数从正弦函数换成了贝塞尔函数，贝塞尔函数更灵活，展现的跳动动画更有力（可惜的是时间有限，不太会调，所以改进不明显）。
- 调整外围光环生成策略（之前自己脑补的部分），使其看起来更灵动。
- 添加了固定文字的功能，能在中央显示固定文字。
- 更详细的注释（后面有 “在这里改” 字样的，都可以去尝试调整）。
- utf-8 编码声明，减少乱码问题。
运行效果：
代码如下：
# encoding: utf-8
# 深夜种下希望，梦中便能发芽
import random
import time
from math import sin, cos, pi, log
from tkinter import *
CANVAS_WIDTH = 640 # 在这里改 画布的宽 最好和高成比例放大
CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480 # 在这里改 画布的高 最好和宽成比例放大
CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2 # 画布中心的X轴坐标
CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2 # 画布中心的Y轴坐标
IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11 # 在这里改 放大比例 画布放大后，心太小？把这个改大点
HEART_COLOR = "#e86184" # 心的颜色 在这里改
WINDOWS_TITLE = '爱心~' # 窗口标题 在这里改
HEART_CENTER_TEXT = '爱你' # 中间文字内容 在这里改
HEART_CENTER_TEXT_COLOR = '#FFD700' # 中间文字颜色 在这里改
def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE):
"""
“爱心函数生成器”
:param shrink_ratio: 放大比例
:param t: 参数
:return: 坐标
"""
# 基础函数
# x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3)
x = 14.6 * (sin(t) ** 3) # 更尖
# y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t))
y = -(14.5 * cos(t) - 4 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - 0.5 * cos(4 * t)) # 更圆润
# 放大
x *= shrink_ratio
y *= shrink_ratio
# 移到画布中央
x += CANVAS_CENTER_X
y += CANVAS_CENTER_Y
return int(x), int(y)
def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15):
"""
随机内部扩散
:param x: 原x
:param y: 原y
:param beta: 强度
:return: 新坐标
"""
ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random())
ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random())
dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)
dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)
return x - dx, y - dy
def shrink(x, y, ratio):
"""
抖动
:param x: 原x
:param y: 原y
:param ratio: 比例
:return: 新坐标
"""
force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6) # 这个参数...
dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)
dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)
return x - dx, y - dy
def heart_curve(p):
"""
爱心的跳动函数参数
:param p: 参数
:return: 正弦 + 贝塞尔
"""
# return curve(p, (.4, .5, .2, .6))
# https://cubic-bezier.com/ 调整参数的网站
return curve(p, (.69, .75, .2, .95)) # 在这里改 爱心的贝塞尔曲线参数
def heart_halo_curve(p):
"""
爱心光环的跳动函数参数
:param p: 参数
:return: 正弦 + 贝塞尔
"""
# return curve(p, (.73,.55,.59,.92))
# https://cubic-bezier.com/ 调整参数的网站
return curve(p, (.75, .49, .46, .97)) # 在这里改 光环的贝塞尔曲线参数
def curve(p, b):
"""
自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期
:param b: 贝塞尔参数
:param p: 参数
:return: 正弦 + 贝塞尔
"""
# print('p:', p)
t = sin(p)
p0 = b[0]
p1 = b[1]
p2 = b[2]
p3 = b[3]
t1 = (1 - t)
t2 = t1 * t1
t3 = t2 * t1
r = p0 * t3 + 3 * p1 * t * t2 + 3 * p2 * t * t * t1 + p3 * (t ** 3) # 贝塞尔计算
# r = 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)
# print('r:', r)
return r
class Heart:
"""
爱心类
"""
def __init__(self, generate_frame=20):
self._points = set() # 原始爱心坐标集合
self._edge_diffusion_points = set() # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合
self._center_diffusion_points = set() # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合
self.all_points = {} # 每帧动态点坐标
self.build(2000) # 在这里改 初始的点数，太大可能运行缓慢
self.generate_frame = generate_frame
for frame in range(generate_frame):
self.calc(frame)
def build(self, number):
# 爱心
for _ in range(number):
t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口
x, y = heart_function(t)
self._points.add((x, y))
# 爱心内扩散
for _x, _y in list(self._points):
for _ in range(3):
x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05)
self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y))
# 爱心内再次扩散
point_list = list(self._points)
for _ in range(4000):
x, y = random.choice(point_list)
x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.24) # 0.24 这个参数改爱心中间的点点数量，越大数量越多
self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))
@staticmethod
def calc_position(x, y, ratio):
# 调整缩放比例
force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.47) # 魔法参数
dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1)
dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1)
return x - dx, y - dy
def calc(self, generate_frame):
ratio = 10 * heart_curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例
halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + heart_halo_curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)))
halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(heart_halo_curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2))
all_points = []
# 光环
heart_halo_point = set() # 光环的点坐标集合，去重
for _ in range(halo_number):
t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口
x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=heart_halo_curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) + 11) # 魔法参数
x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius)
if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point:
# 处理新的点
heart_halo_point.add((x, y))
random_int_range = int(27 + heart_halo_curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) * 4)
x += random.randint(-random_int_range, random_int_range)
y += random.randint(-random_int_range, random_int_range)
size = random.choice((1, 1, 2))
all_points.append((x, y, size))
# 轮廓
for x, y in self._points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1, 3)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
# 内容
for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1, 2)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1, 2)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_points
def render(self, render_canvas, render_frame):
for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]:
render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR)
def frame_count(self):
return self.generate_frame
def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas_dict: dict, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0):
"""
绘图函数
:param main: TK面板
:param render_canvas_dict: 画布缓存
:param render_heart: 心类
:param render_frame: 当前帧数
:return: None
"""
frame_index = render_frame % render_heart.frame_count()
last_frame_index = (frame_index + render_heart.frame_count() - 1) % render_heart.frame_count()
if last_frame_index in render_canvas_dict:
render_canvas_dict[last_frame_index].pack_forget()
if frame_index not in render_canvas_dict:
canvas = Canvas(
main,
bg='black', # 在这里改 黑色背景
height=CANVAS_HEIGHT,
width=CANVAS_WIDTH
)
canvas.pack()
render_heart.render(canvas, render_frame)
canvas.create_text(
CANVAS_CENTER_X,
CANVAS_CENTER_Y,
text=HEART_CENTER_TEXT,
fill=HEART_CENTER_TEXT_COLOR,
font=('楷体', 48, 'bold') # 在这里改字体
)
render_canvas_dict[frame_index] = canvas
else:
render_canvas_dict[frame_index].pack()
main.after(
30, # 在这里改 画面切换间隔时间，越小帧数越高，但是可能会越卡
draw, main, render_canvas_dict, render_heart, render_frame + 1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('正在启动...')
start_time = time.time()
root = Tk() # 一个Tk界面
root.title(WINDOWS_TITLE)
canvas_dict = {}
heart = Heart(40) # 在这里改 40为总帧数，帧数越大，花样越多，更占内存
draw(root, canvas_dict, heart) # 开始画画~
end_time = time.time()
print('爱心魔法耗时 {:.2f} 秒完成 ~'.format(end_time - start_time))
root.mainloop()
效果如下：
代码如下：
# 晚上星月争辉，美梦陪你入睡
import random
from math import sin, cos, pi, log
from tkinter import *
CANVAS_WIDTH = 640 # 画布的宽
CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480 # 画布的高
CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2 # 画布中心的X轴坐标
CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2 # 画布中心的Y轴坐标
IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11 # 放大比例
HEART_COLOR = "#ff2121" # 心的颜色，这个是中国红
def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE):
"""
“爱心函数生成器”
:param shrink_ratio: 放大比例
:param t: 参数
:return: 坐标
"""
# 基础函数
x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3)
y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t))
# 放大
x *= shrink_ratio
y *= shrink_ratio
# 移到画布中央
x += CANVAS_CENTER_X
y += CANVAS_CENTER_Y
return int(x), int(y)
def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15):
"""
随机内部扩散
:param x: 原x
:param y: 原y
:param beta: 强度
:return: 新坐标
"""
ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random())
ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random())
dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)
dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)
return x - dx, y - dy
def shrink(x, y, ratio):
"""
抖动
:param x: 原x
:param y: 原y
:param ratio: 比例
:return: 新坐标
"""
force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6) # 这个参数...
dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)
dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)
return x - dx, y - dy
def curve(p):
"""
自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期
:param p: 参数
:return: 正弦
"""
# 可以尝试换其他的动态函数，达到更有力量的效果（贝塞尔？）
return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)
class Heart:
"""
爱心类
"""
def __init__(self, generate_frame=20):
self._points = set() # 原始爱心坐标集合
self._edge_diffusion_points = set() # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合
self._center_diffusion_points = set() # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合
self.all_points = {} # 每帧动态点坐标
self.build(2000)
self.random_halo = 1000
self.generate_frame = generate_frame
for frame in range(generate_frame):
self.calc(frame)
def build(self, number):
# 爱心
for _ in range(number):
t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口
x, y = heart_function(t)
self._points.add((x, y))
# 爱心内扩散
for _x, _y in list(self._points):
for _ in range(3):
x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05)
self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y))
# 爱心内再次扩散
point_list = list(self._points)
for _ in range(4000):
x, y = random.choice(point_list)
x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17)
self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))
@staticmethod
def calc_position(x, y, ratio):
# 调整缩放比例
force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520) # 魔法参数
dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1)
dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1)
return x - dx, y - dy
def calc(self, generate_frame):
ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例
halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)))
halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2))
all_points = []
# 光环
heart_halo_point = set() # 光环的点坐标集合
for _ in range(halo_number):
t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) # 随机不到的地方造成爱心有缺口
x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6) # 魔法参数
x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius)
if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point:
# 处理新的点
heart_halo_point.add((x, y))
x += random.randint(-14, 14)
y += random.randint(-14, 14)
size = random.choice((1, 2, 2))
all_points.append((x, y, size))
# 轮廓
for x, y in self._points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1, 3)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
# 内容
for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1, 2)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points:
x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)
size = random.randint(1, 2)
all_points.append((x, y, size))
self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_points
def render(self, render_canvas, render_frame):
for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]:
render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR)
def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0):
render_canvas.delete('all')
render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame)
main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk() # 一个Tk
canvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH)
canvas.pack()
heart = Heart() # 心
draw(root, canvas, heart) # 开始画画~
root.mainloop()
