1 简介

• 官网：https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/；
• JsonPath 是一种简单的方法来提取给定JSON文档的部分内容；
• JsonPath 支持多种编程语言，如Javascript，Java，Python和PHP。

2 官方实例

• 下边是官方给出的一个JSON实例数据，便于后续分析：

{ "store": {
    "book": [ 
      { "category": "reference",
        "author": "Nigel Rees",
        "title": "Sayings of the Century",
        "price": 8.95
      },
      { "category": "fiction",
        "author": "Evelyn Waugh",
        "title": "Sword of Honour",
        "price": 12.99
      },
      { "category": "fiction",
        "author": "Herman Melville",
        "title": "Moby Dick",
        "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
        "price": 8.99
      },
      { "category": "fiction",
        "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
        "title": "The Lord of the Rings",
        "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
        "price": 22.99
      }
    ],
    "bicycle": {
      "color": "red",
      "price": 19.95
    }
  }
}

3 JsonPath与XPath语法对比

Xpath	JsonPath	描述
/	$	根节点
.	@	现行节点
/	. 或 []	取子节点
…	无	取父节点，Jsonpath未支持
@	无	根据属性访问，Jsonpath未支持，因为Json是个Key-value递归结构，不支持属性访问
*	*	匹配所有元素节点
[]	[]	迭代器标示(可以在里面做简单的迭代操作，如数组下标，根据内容选值等)
竖线	[,]	支持迭代器中做多选。连接操作符在XPath 结果合并其它结点集合。Jsonpath允许name或者数组索引。
[]	?()	支持过滤操作
无	[start: end: step]	数组分割操作从ES4借鉴
无	()	脚本表达式，使用底层脚本引擎。支持表达式计算
()	无	Xpath分组；JsonPath不支持

4 实例说明JsonPath与XPath语法

• 通过步骤2中的官方实例，简单看下JsonPath与XPath语法的区别：

XPath	JsonPath	描述
/store/book/author	$.store.book[*].author	获取店内所有书籍的作者
//author	$..author	获取所有作者
/store/*	$.store.*	获取store的所有元素。所有的book和bicycle
/store//price	$.store..price	获取store里面所有东西的价格
//book[3]	$..book[2]	获取第三本书的所有信息
//book[last()]	$..book[(@.length-1)] 或$..book[-1:]	获取最后一本书的所有信息
//book[position()<3]	$..book[0,1] 或 $..book[:2]	获取前面两本书的所有信息
//book[isbn]	$..book[?(@.isbn)]	过滤出所有的包含isbn的书信息
//book[price<10]	$..book[?(@.price<10)]	过滤出价格低于10的书
//*	$..*	获取所有元素

5 Python中JsonPath模块

• 官网：https://pypi.org/project/jsonpath/；
• 下载安装：

pip install jsonpath

6 Python中JsonPath使用

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者：虫无涯
# 日期：2023/7/31 
# 文件名称：json_path.py
# 作用：jsonpath
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson

import jsonpath as jp

data = { "store": {
    "book": [
      { "category": "reference",
        "author": "Nigel Rees",
        "title": "Sayings of the Century",
        "price": 8.95
      },
      { "category": "fiction",
        "author": "Evelyn Waugh",
        "title": "Sword of Honour",
        "price": 12.99
      },
      { "category": "fiction",
        "author": "Herman Melville",
        "title": "Moby Dick",
        "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
        "price": 8.99
      },
      { "category": "fiction",
        "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
        "title": "The Lord of the Rings",
        "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
        "price": 22.99
      }
    ],
    "bicycle": {
      "color": "red",
      "price": 19.95
    }
  }
}

# 获取店内所有书籍的作者
author = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.book[*].author')
print(author)

# 输出
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']

# 获取所有作者
all_aythor = jp.jsonpath(data, '$..author')
print(all_aythor)

# 输出
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']

# 获取store的所有元素
book_bicycle = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.*')
print(book_bicycle)

# 输出
[[{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Evelyn Waugh', 'title': 'Sword of Honour', 'price': 12.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}], {'color': 'red', 'price': 19.95}]

# 获取store里面所有东西的价格
price = jp.jsonpath(data, "$.store..price")
print(price)

# 输出
[8.95, 12.99, 8.99, 22.99, 19.95]

# 获取最后一本书的所有信息
last_book = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[-1:]')
print(last_book)

# 输出：
[{'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}]

# 过滤出价格低于10的书
p = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[?(@.price<10)]')
print(p)

# 输出：
[{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}]

7 结合接口测试的实例

• 接口数据，参照：
  搭建禅道环境作为练习UI和接口自动化测试对象，来搭建接口测试的环境，此处略；
• 选择两个接口：用户登陆和用户查询：

# 登陆接口
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/tokens
data = {"account": "admin", "password": "123456"}

# 获取我的个人信息
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/user

• 实例：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者：虫无涯
# 日期：2023/7/31 
# 文件名称：json_path.py
# 作用：jsonpath
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelson

import jsonpath as jp
import requests
import json

base_url = "http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1"
token_url = base_url + "/tokens"
info_rurl = base_url + "/user"

header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
data = {"account": "admin", "password": "ZenTao123456"}

r_data = json.dumps(data)
r = requests.post(url=token_url, data=r_data, headers=header)

r_token = jp.jsonpath(r.json(), '$..token')
print(r_token)

data1 = {"token": r_token[0]}
headers = dict(header, **data1)
r1 = requests.get(url=info_rurl, headers=headers)
print(r1.text)

• 输出：

['14333e8b34595c5d22794e14c401a125']
{"profile":{"id":1,"company":0,"type":"inside","dept":0,"account":"admin","role":
{"code":"","name":""},
"realname":"admin","pinyin":"","nickname":"","commiter":"","avatar":null,"birthday":null,"gender":"f","email":"","skype":"","qq":"","mobile":"","phone":"","weixin":"","dingding":"","slack":"","whatsapp":"","address":"","zipcode":"","nature":null,"analysis":null,"strategy":null,"join":null,"visits":5,"visions":",rnd,lite,","ip":"127.0.0.1","last":"2023-07-31T06:14:45Z","fails":0,"locked":null,"feedback":"0","ranzhi":"","ldap":"","score":0,"scoreLevel":0,"resetToken":"","deleted":"0","clientStatus":"offline","clientLang":"zh-cn","admin":true,"superReviewer":false,"view":
{"account":"admin","programs":"","products":"","projects":"","sprints":""}}}