练习

1、创建数据库school，创建student和score表

create database school;
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);

2、为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,‘张老大’, ‘男’,1985,‘计算机系’, ‘北京市海淀区’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,‘张老二’, ‘男’,1986,‘中文系’, ‘北京市昌平区’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,‘张三’, ‘女’,1990,‘中文系’, ‘湖南省永州市’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,‘李四’, ‘男’,1990,‘英语系’, ‘辽宁省阜新市’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,‘王五’, ‘女’,1991,‘英语系’, ‘福建省厦门市’);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,‘王六’, ‘男’,1988,‘计算机系’, ‘湖南省衡阳市’);

向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, ‘计算机’,98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, ‘英语’, 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, ‘计算机’,65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, ‘中文’,88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, ‘中文’,95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, ‘计算机’,70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, ‘英语’,92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, ‘英语’,94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, ‘计算机’,90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, ‘英语’,85);

3、备份数据库school到/backup目录

mysqldump -uroot -p -B school > /backup/school.sql

4、备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p -B school --add-drop-table > /backup/school_2.sql

5、直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

mysqldump -uroot -p -B -A | gzip > /backup/allDB_date +%F.sql.gz

6、备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

mysqldump -uroot -p school student > /backup/school_st.sql
Enter password:

7、同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

mysqldump -uroot -p -B Market school > /backup/school-Market.sql

8、仅仅备份数据库结构

mysqldump -uroot -p -d school > /backup
/school_desc.sql

9、备份服务器上所有数据库

mysqldump -uroot -p -A > /backup/all_db.sql

10、还原MySQL数据库

drop database school;
source /backup/school.sql

11、还原压缩的MySQL数据库

zcat allDB_2023-07-16.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p

12、使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --no-timestamp --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /backup/full_01

13、在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

tar czvf ./full_01.tar.gz full_01/
scp full_01.tar.gz root@192.168.85.160:~
tar xf full_01.tar.gz
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only full_01/
systemctl stop mysqld
rm -rf /usr/local/chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/*mysql/data/*innobackupex --copy-back full_01/
systemctl start mysqld

14、使用mydumper备份数据库

mydumper -u root -p xxxxxx -B school -o /backup/school/

15、使用mydumper恢复数据库

myloader -u root -p xxxxx -B school -o -d /backup/school/