一、背景

最近做城投项目时候遇到一个问题，就是一个代码写好不动，我只操作页面，运行出来的结果却是页面上显示的内容。这就导致了我不能按自己的需求抓取指定模块的内容

二、示例

import requests

headers = {
    "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Cookie": "wzws_sessionid=oGRscM+CZmM1ZWUxgDE4Mi4xNTAuNjMuMTg2gWQ5YzU0NA==; JSESSIONID=QW1HmDZ5fh6fW86HwLxm8woDJUwKu9PF_Z-jH_DD0wW3Ypa38VSk!1171792879; u=6",
    "Referer": "https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103",
    "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "empty",
    "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
    "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
    "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
    "sec-ch-ua": "\"Chromium\";v=\"112\", \"Google Chrome\";v=\"112\", \"Not:A-Brand\";v=\"99\"",
    "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
    "sec-ch-ua-platform": "\"Windows\""
}
url = "https://防敏/easyquery.htm"
params = {
    "m": "QueryData",
    "dbcode": "fsnd",
    "rowcode": "zb",
    "colcode": "sj",
    "wds": "[{\"wdcode\":\"reg\",\"valuecode\":\"110000\"}]",
    "dfwds": "[{\"wdcode\":\"sj\",\"valuecode\":\"1993\"}]",
    "k1": "1684310513171"
}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params, verify=False)

print(response.text)
print(response)

这样一个代码，编写好后不改动，我在页面上选择地区生成总值时候，运行出来的是地区生产总值的内容

在这里插入图片描述

当我点击页面内容到支出法地区生产总值时候，跑出来的数据就变成了支出法地区生产总值，这时候代码是完全没用改变的，一直都还是这个脚本

三、分析

根据脚本可以发现，不是明文显示的只有cookie，故推断是因为cookie造成的这种情况。此时如果选择不带cookie请求，则只能请求出来地区生成总值这一个地方的数据，改变params参数是没用的。故解决思路确定为找到cookie生成方式。但是经过实践发现，无论是hook还是搜关键词，都很难定位到生成该cookie的后台代码。后来突然想到为何不直接获取到已生成的cookie

四、调试

我这里获取cookie有两种方式：一种是response的header里获取Set-Cookie 一种是直接response.cookies

解决了cookie获取问题，又发现由于抓取需求需要抓取指定年份的数据，但是分析params参数发现，这个params所能带的参数只能是（省份代码，模块代码）或者（省份代码，年份）。那么我需要指定省份内指定模块的指定年份的数据怎么获取呢，这里猜测还是cookie控制

这样一来，我就需要先以params带着模块参数访问一次，取得该模块的cookie，然后把这个再带着该模块的cookie去请求指定年份的数据

五、最终脚本

import requests

headers = {
    "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
    "Connection": "keep-alive",
    "Referer": "https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103",
    "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "empty",
    "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
    "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
    "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
    "sec-ch-ua": "\"Chromium\";v=\"112\", \"Google Chrome\";v=\"112\", \"Not:A-Brand\";v=\"99\"",
    "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
    "sec-ch-ua-platform": "\"Windows\""
}
url = "https://防敏/easyquery.htm"
params_base = {
    "m": "QueryData",
    "dbcode": "fsnd",
    "rowcode": "zb",
    "colcode": "sj",
    "wds": "[{\"wdcode\":\"reg\",\"valuecode\":\"110000\"}]",
    "dfwds": "[{\"wdcode\":\"zb\",\"valuecode\":\"A0204\"}]",
    "k1": "1684828790804",
    "h": "1"
}
# 先访问一次取到cookie
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params_base, verify=False)
set_cookie = response.headers['Set-Cookie']
print(set_cookie)
print('\n')
print(response.cookies)


# 查询时间时候带上cookie
headers = {
        "Accept": "application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01",
        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
        "Connection": "keep-alive",
        'Cookie': set_cookie,
        "Referer": "https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103",
        "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "empty",
        "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
        "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/112.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
        "sec-ch-ua": "\"Chromium\";v=\"112\", \"Google Chrome\";v=\"112\", \"Not:A-Brand\";v=\"99\"",
        "sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?0",
        "sec-ch-ua-platform": "\"Windows\""
    }
params = {
        "m": "QueryData",
        "dbcode": "fsnd",
        "rowcode": "zb",
        "colcode": "sj",
        'wds': '[{"wdcode":"reg","valuecode":"110000"}]',
        'dfwds': '[{"wdcode":"sj","valuecode":"1993"}]',
        "k1": 1684828790804
    }
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params, verify=False)
print(response.text)