📢📢📢📣📣📣
哈喽！大家好，我是【IT邦德】，江湖人称jeames007，10余年DBA及大数据工作经验
一位上进心十足的【大数据领域博主】！😜😜😜
中国DBA联盟(ACDU)成员，目前服务于工业互联网
擅长主流Oracle、MySQL、PG、高斯及Greenplum运维开发，备份恢复，安装迁移，性能优化、故障应急处理等。
✨ 如果有对【数据库】感兴趣的【小可爱】，欢迎关注【IT邦德】💞💞💞
❤️❤️❤️感谢各位大可爱小可爱！❤️❤️❤️
文章目录
- 前言
- 📣 1.环境准备
- ✨ 1.1 安装包下载
- ✨ 1.2 IP及实例规划
- ✨ 1.3 操作系统
- 📣 2.安装前准备
- ✨ 2.1 hostname设置
- ✨ 2.2./etc/hosts
- ✨ 2.3 创建用户
- ✨ 2.4 host文件创建
- ✨ 2.5 配置互信
- ✨ 2.6 关闭防火墙
- ✨ 2.7 禁用selinux
- 📣 3.安装GP
- ✨ 3.1 安装依赖
- ✨ 3.2 安装rpm包
- ✨ 3.3 目录创建
- ✨ 3.4 数据库初始化
- 📣 4.GP集群验证
- 📣 5.集群管理命令
前言
Greenplum是一个面向数据仓库应用的分布式关系型数据库，本文介绍了整个分布式集群部署的过程。📣 1.环境准备
✨ 1.1 安装包下载
1.Greenplum 的 GitHub
https://github.com/greenplum-db/gpdb/releases
2.Pivotal公司官网
https://network.pivotal.io/products/vmware-greenplum
✨ 1.2 IP及实例规划
| IP | 主机名 | 端口 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.6.12 | mdw1 | 5432 | Master host |
| 192.168.6.13 | mdw2 | 5432 | Standby host |
| 192.168.6.14 | sdw1 | 主：6000-6001 镜像：7000-7001 | segment host1，配置2个主实例+2个镜像实例 |
| 192.168.6.15 | sdw2 | 主：6000-6001 镜像：7000-7001 | segment host2，配置2个主实例+2个镜像实例 |
✨ 1.3 操作系统
[root@jeames ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@jeames ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3771 159 3407 11 204 3365
Swap: 3967 0 3967
📣 2.安装前准备
✨ 2.1 hostname设置
1个master+1个standby master，2个segment的集群示例，OS均为CentOS 7.6.1810
–设置host名，4个节点设置
hostnamectl set-hostname mdw1
hostnamectl set-hostname mdw2
hostnamectl set-hostname sdw1
hostnamectl set-hostname sdw2
✨ 2.2./etc/hosts
在Greenplum中，习惯将Master机器叫做mdw，将Segment机器叫做sdw，dw的含义为Data Warehouse。
注意：4个节点设置一致
cat >> /etc/hosts <<“EOF”
192.168.6.12 mdw1
192.168.6.13 mdw2
192.168.6.14 sdw1
192.168.6.15 sdw2
EOF
✨ 2.3 创建用户
groupadd -g 1530 gpadmin
useradd -g 1530 -u 1530 -m -d /home/gpadmin -s /bin/bash gpadmin
chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin /home/gpadmin
echo “gpadmin:jeames” | chpasswd
✨ 2.4 host文件创建
1.为所有节点创建一个all_hosts文件，包含所有节点主机名
su - gpadmin
mkdir -p /home/gpadmin/conf/
cat > /home/gpadmin/conf/all_hosts <<“EOF”
mdw1
mdw2
sdw1
sdw2
EOF
2.为所有节点创建一个seg_hosts文件 ，包含所有的Segment Host的主机名
su - gpadmin
cat > /home/gpadmin/conf/seg_hosts <<“EOF”
sdw1
sdw2
EOF
✨ 2.5 配置互信
集群ssh免密,做互信的配置，只在master节点 192.168.6.12 操作
1.生成秘钥对
ssh-keygen -t rsa
2.分发公钥
su - gpadmin
ssh-copy-id gpadmin@mdw1
ssh-copy-id gpadmin@mdw2
ssh-copy-id gpadmin@sdw1
ssh-copy-id gpadmin@sdw2
✨ 2.6 关闭防火墙
每个节点机器 root 用户操作
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
✨ 2.7 禁用selinux
cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=enforcing
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
sed -i "s#^SELINUX=.*#SELINUX=disabled#g" /etc/selinux/config
注意：修改后记得重启
📣 3.安装GP
✨ 3.1 安装依赖
##安装依赖包
yum install net-tools -y
yum install libcgroup-tools -y
yum install -y apr apr-util bash bzip2 curl krb5 libcurl libevent libxml2 libyaml \
zlib openldap openssh openssl openssl-libs perl readline rsync R sed tar zip krb5-devel
✨ 3.2 安装rpm包
## 在所有节点操作，root用户操作
1.默认安装到/usr/local下
rpm -ivh open-source-greenplum-db-6.24.3-rhel7-x86_64.rpm
2.赋权,修改该路径gpadmin操作权限
chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin /usr/local/greenplum*
✨ 3.3 目录创建
##创建目录，用作集群数据的存储目录，所有节点操作
mkdir -p /greenplum/data/
chown -R gpadmin:gpadmin /greenplum
-- 所有节点
echo ". /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh" >> /home/gpadmin/.bashrc
-- master配置
echo "export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1" >> /home/gpadmin/.bashrc
echo "export PGDATABASE=postgres" >> /home/gpadmin/.bashrc
# 使配置文件生效
source /home/gpadmin/.bashrc
✨ 3.4 数据库初始化
在master节点操作：创建一个初始化副本 initgp_config，修改参数：
-- 在所有节点操作（在master节点创建master目录，在segment节点分布创建primary目录和mirror目录） 或 3个目录创建都可以
su - gpadmin
-- master节点,Standby节点
mkdir -p /greenplum/data/master
-- segment节点
mkdir -p /greenplum/data/primary
mkdir -p /greenplum/data/mirror
-- master节点配置,有几个segment节点就设置几个DATA_DIRECTORY
cat > /home/gpadmin/conf/initgp_config <<"EOF"
#指定primary segment的数据目录，多个目录表示一台机器有多个segment
declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/greenplum/data/primary /greenplum/data/primary)
# mirror的数据目录，和主数据一样，一个对一个，多个对多个
declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/greenplum/data/mirror /greenplum/data/mirror)
#数据库代号
ARRAY_NAME="rptgp"
#segment前缀
SEG_PREFIX=gpseg
#primary segment 起始的端口号
PORT_BASE=6000
MIRROR_PORT_BASE=7000
MASTER_PORT=5432
MASTER_HOSTNAME=mdw1
MASTER_DIRECTORY=/greenplum/data/master
DATABASE_NAME=rptgpdb
MACHINE_LIST_FILE=/home/gpadmin/conf/seg_hosts
EOF
--在master节点操作，执行初始化命令
su - gpadmin
gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/conf/initgp_config -e=jeames -s mdw2 -P 5432 -S /greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1 -m 200 -b 256MB
📣 4.GP集群验证
若初始化成功，则GP自动启动，可以看到master节点上的5432已经在listen了，psql进入数据库，开始greenplum之旅。
[gpadmin@mdw1 ~]$ netstat -tulnp | grep 5432
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 58954/postgres
tcp6 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN 58954/postgres
[gpadmin@mdw1 ~]$ psql postgres -c 'SELECT * FROM pg_stat_replication;'
pid | usesysid | usename | application_name | client_addr | client_hostname | client_port | backend_start | backend_xmin | state
| sent_location | write_location | flush_location | replay_location | sync_priority | sync_state
-------+----------+---------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+-------------+-------------------------------+--------------+----------
-+---------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------+---------------+------------
60403 | 10 | gpadmin | gp_walreceiver | 192.168.6.13 | | 33428 | 2023-06-11 15:37:38.811796+08 | | streaming
| 0/C000000 | 0/C000000 | 0/C000000 | 0/C000000 | 1 | sync
(1 row)
[gpadmin@mdw1 ~]$ psql -d rptgpdb
psql (9.4.26)
Type "help" for help.
rptgpdb=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+---------+----------+------------+------------+---------------------
postgres | gpadmin | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
rptgpdb | gpadmin | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 |
template0 | gpadmin | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/gpadmin +
| | | | | gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin
template1 | gpadmin | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/gpadmin +
| | | | | gpadmin=CTc/gpadmin
rptgpdb=# show port;
port
------
5432
(1 row)
rptgpdb=# show listen_addresses;
listen_addresses
------------------
*
(1 row)
rptgpdb=# select * from gp_segment_configuration order by 1;
dbid | content | role | preferred_role | mode | status | port | hostname | address | datadir
------+---------+------+----------------+------+--------+------+----------+---------+--------------------------------
1 | -1 | p | p | n | u | 5432 | mdw1 | mdw1 | /greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1
2 | 0 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg0
3 | 1 | p | p | s | u | 6001 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg1
4 | 2 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg2
5 | 3 | p | p | s | u | 6001 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg3
6 | 0 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg0
7 | 1 | m | m | s | u | 7001 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg1
8 | 2 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg2
9 | 3 | m | m | s | u | 7001 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg3
10 | -1 | m | m | s | u | 5432 | mdw2 | mdw2 | /greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1
(10 rows)
rptgpdb=# select * from gp_segment_configuration order by hostname,port;
dbid | content | role | preferred_role | mode | status | port | hostname | address | datadir
------+---------+------+----------------+------+--------+------+----------+---------+--------------------------------
1 | -1 | p | p | n | u | 5432 | mdw1 | mdw1 | /greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1
10 | -1 | m | m | s | u | 5432 | mdw2 | mdw2 | /greenplum/data/master/gpseg-1
2 | 0 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg0
3 | 1 | p | p | s | u | 6001 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg1
8 | 2 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg2
9 | 3 | m | m | s | u | 7001 | sdw1 | sdw1 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg3
4 | 2 | p | p | s | u | 6000 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg2
5 | 3 | p | p | s | u | 6001 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/primary/gpseg3
6 | 0 | m | m | s | u | 7000 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg0
7 | 1 | m | m | s | u | 7001 | sdw2 | sdw2 | /greenplum/data/mirror/gpseg1
(10 rows)
📣 5.集群管理命令
1.集群状态
[gpadmin@mdw1 ~]$ gpstate
20230611:15:46:55:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gpstate with args:
20230611:15:46:55:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-local Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 6.24.3 build commit:25d3498a400ca5230e81ab b94861f23389315213 Open Source'
20230611:15:46:55:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master Greenplum Version: 'PostgreSQL 9.4.26 (Greenplum Database 6.24.3 build commit:25d3498a400ca 5230e81abb94861f23389315213 Open Source) on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 6.4.0, 64-bit compiled on May 3 2023 21:05:45'
20230611:15:46:55:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master...
20230611:15:46:55:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Gathering data from segments...
..
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum instance status summary
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Master instance = Active
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Master standby = mdw2
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Standby master state = Standby host passive
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total segment instance count from metadata = 8
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Primary Segment Status
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total primary segments = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total primary segment valid (at master) = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total primary segment failures (at master) = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid files missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid files found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid PIDs missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid PIDs found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of /tmp lock files missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of /tmp lock files found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number postmaster processes missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number postmaster processes found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Mirror Segment Status
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total mirror segments = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total mirror segment valid (at master) = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total mirror segment failures (at master) = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid files missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid files found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid PIDs missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of postmaster.pid PIDs found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of /tmp lock files missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number of /tmp lock files found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number postmaster processes missing = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number postmaster processes found = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number mirror segments acting as primary segments = 0
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Total number mirror segments acting as mirror segments = 4
20230611:15:46:57:063875 gpstate:mdw1:gpadmin-[INFO]:-----------------------------------------------------
gpstate -s 可以查看详细信息
命令gpstate -f可以查看standby master库的详情
2.开关闭集群
[gpadmin@mdw1 ~]$ gpstop -a
[gpadmin@mdw1 ~]$ gpstart -a
