在下面的代码示例中,将给出两种最为常用的Redis命令操作方式,既普通调用方式和基于管线的调用方式。
注:在阅读代码时请留意注释。
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 #include <stddef.h> 4 #include <stdarg.h> 5 #include <string.h> 6 #include <assert.h> 7 #include <hiredis.h> 8 9 void doTest() 10 { 11 int timeout = 10000; 12 struct timeval tv; 13 tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000; 14 tv.tv_usec = timeout * 1000; 15 //以带有超时的方式链接Redis服务器,同时获取与Redis连接的上下文对象。 16 //该对象将用于其后所有与Redis操作的函数。 17 redisContext* c = redisConnectWithTimeout("192.168.149.137",6379,tv); 18 if (c->err) { 19 redisFree(c); 20 return; 21 } 22 const char* command1 = "set stest1 value1"; 23 redisReply* r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command1); 24 //需要注意的是,如果返回的对象是NULL,则表示客户端和服务器之间出现严重错误,必须重新链接。 25 //这里只是举例说明,简便起见,后面的命令就不再做这样的判断了。 26 if (NULL == r) { 27 redisFree(c); 28 return; 29 } 30 //不同的Redis命令返回的数据类型不同,在获取之前需要先判断它的实际类型。 31 //至于各种命令的返回值信息,可以参考Redis的官方文档,或者查看该系列博客的前几篇 32 //有关Redis各种数据类型的博客。:) 33 //字符串类型的set命令的返回值的类型是REDIS_REPLY_STATUS,然后只有当返回信息是"OK" 34 //时,才表示该命令执行成功。后面的例子以此类推,就不再过多赘述了。 35 if (!(r->type == REDIS_REPLY_STATUS && strcasecmp(r->str,"OK") == 0)) { 36 printf("Failed to execute command[%s].\n",command1); 37 freeReplyObject(r); 38 redisFree(c); 39 return; 40 } 41 //由于后面重复使用该变量,所以需要提前释放,否则内存泄漏。 42 freeReplyObject(r); 43 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].\n",command1); 44 45 const char* command2 = "strlen stest1"; 46 r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command2); 47 if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_INTEGER) { 48 printf("Failed to execute command[%s].\n",command2); 49 freeReplyObject(r); 50 redisFree(c); 51 return; 52 } 53 int length = r->integer; 54 freeReplyObject(r); 55 printf("The length of 'stest1' is %d.\n",length); 56 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].\n",command2); 57 58 const char* command3 = "get stest1"; 59 r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command3); 60 if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_STRING) { 61 printf("Failed to execute command[%s].\n",command3); 62 freeReplyObject(r); 63 redisFree(c); 64 return; 65 } 66 printf("The value of 'stest1' is %s.\n",r->str); 67 freeReplyObject(r); 68 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].\n",command3); 69 70 const char* command4 = "get stest2"; 71 r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command4); 72 //这里需要先说明一下,由于stest2键并不存在,因此Redis会返回空结果,这里只是为了演示。 73 if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_NIL) { 74 printf("Failed to execute command[%s].\n",command4); 75 freeReplyObject(r); 76 redisFree(c); 77 return; 78 } 79 freeReplyObject(r); 80 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].\n",command4); 81 82 const char* command5 = "mget stest1 stest2"; 83 r = (redisReply*)redisCommand(c,command5); 84 //不论stest2存在与否,Redis都会给出结果,只是第二个值为nil。 85 //由于有多个值返回,因为返回应答的类型是数组类型。 86 if (r->type != REDIS_REPLY_ARRAY) { 87 printf("Failed to execute command[%s].\n",command5); 88 freeReplyObject(r); 89 redisFree(c); 90 //r->elements表示子元素的数量,不管请求的key是否存在,该值都等于请求是键的数量。 91 assert(2 == r->elements); 92 return; 93 } 94 for (int i = 0; i < r->elements; ++i) { 95 redisReply* childReply = r->element[i]; 96 //之前已经介绍过,get命令返回的数据类型是string。 97 //对于不存在key的返回值,其类型为REDIS_REPLY_NIL。 98 if (childReply->type == REDIS_REPLY_STRING) 99 printf("The value is %s.\n",childReply->str); 100 } 101 //对于每一个子应答,无需使用者单独释放,只需释放最外部的redisReply即可。 102 freeReplyObject(r); 103 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s].\n",command5); 104 105 printf("Begin to test pipeline.\n"); 106 //该命令只是将待发送的命令写入到上下文对象的输出缓冲区中,直到调用后面的 107 //redisGetReply命令才会批量将缓冲区中的命令写出到Redis服务器。这样可以 108 //有效的减少客户端与服务器之间的同步等候时间,以及网络IO引起的延迟。 109 //至于管线的具体性能优势,可以考虑该系列博客中的管线主题。 110 if (REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command1) 111 || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command2) 112 || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command3) 113 || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command4) 114 || REDIS_OK != redisAppendCommand(c,command5)) { 115 redisFree(c); 116 return; 117 } 118 119 redisReply* reply = NULL; 120 //对pipeline返回结果的处理方式,和前面代码的处理方式完全一直,这里就不再重复给出了。 121 if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { 122 printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command1); 123 freeReplyObject(reply); 124 redisFree(c); 125 } 126 freeReplyObject(reply); 127 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command1); 128 129 if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { 130 printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command2); 131 freeReplyObject(reply); 132 redisFree(c); 133 } 134 freeReplyObject(reply); 135 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command2); 136 137 if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { 138 printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command3); 139 freeReplyObject(reply); 140 redisFree(c); 141 } 142 freeReplyObject(reply); 143 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command3); 144 145 if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { 146 printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command4); 147 freeReplyObject(reply); 148 redisFree(c); 149 } 150 freeReplyObject(reply); 151 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command4); 152 153 if (REDIS_OK != redisGetReply(c,(void**)&reply)) { 154 printf("Failed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command5); 155 freeReplyObject(reply); 156 redisFree(c); 157 } 158 freeReplyObject(reply); 159 printf("Succeed to execute command[%s] with Pipeline.\n",command5); 160 //由于所有通过pipeline提交的命令结果均已为返回,如果此时继续调用redisGetReply, 161 //将会导致该函数阻塞并挂起当前线程,直到有新的通过管线提交的命令结果返回。 162 //最后不要忘记在退出前释放当前连接的上下文对象。 163 redisFree(c); 164 return; 165 } 166 167 int main() 168 { 169 doTest(); 170 return 0; 171 } 172 173 //输出结果如下: 174 //Succeed to execute command[set stest1 value1]. 175 //The length of 'stest1' is 6. 176 //Succeed to execute command[strlen stest1]. 177 //The value of 'stest1' is value1. 178 //Succeed to execute command[get stest1]. 179 //Succeed to execute command[get stest2]. 180 //The value is value1. 181 //Succeed to execute command[mget stest1 stest2]. 182 //Begin to test pipeline. 183 //Succeed to execute command[set stest1 value1] with Pipeline. 184 //Succeed to execute command[strlen stest1] with Pipeline. 185 //Succeed to execute command[get stest1] with Pipeline. 186 //Succeed to execute command[get stest2] with Pipeline. 187 //Succeed to execute command[mget stest1 stest2] with Pipeline.