Linux【工具 02】OpenStreetMap数据处理工具OSMCTools下载安装使用举例（osmconvert命令说明）如何获取区域边界说明

OSMCTools安装使用实例

- 1.Tools
- 2.官网安装步骤
- 3.实际安装步骤
- - 3.1 环境
  - 3.2 步骤
- 4.工具使用实例

OpenStreetMap的下载地址：Geofabrik Download Server。

OSMCTools的GitHub地址：https://github.com/ramunasd/osmctools

Windows操作系统，可以从 http://m.m.i24.cc/osmconvert_latest.zip 下载osmconvert最新版本的zip文件；也可以从官方网站 http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/osmconvert 下载一个适用于Windows的安装程序进行安装。这两个地址都无法访问，原因不明。本次安装的是 Linux 系统的。

1.Tools

osmassignpoly
osmchange - updates an .osm file using one or more .osc files
osmconvert - reads and converts OSM data to the selected output file format
osmfilter - filters OSM data
osmgeobase
osmposition
osmrelpoly
osmupdate - cares about updating an .osm, .o5m or .pbf file
pbftoosm - converts .pbf file into .osm XML format

2.官网安装步骤

  git clone https://github.com/ramunasd/osmctools.git
  cd osmctools
  autoreconf --install
  ./configure
  make install

3.实际安装步骤

3.1 环境

[root@tcloud ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

3.2 步骤

# 1.安装autoconf
yum install -y autoconf
# 否则会报错
-bash: autoreconf: command not found

# 2.安装 automake libtool
yum install -y automake libtool
# 否则报错
Can't exec "aclocal": No such file or directory at /usr/share/autoconf/Autom4te/FileUtils.pm line 326.
autoreconf: failed to run aclocal: No such file or directory

从GIT上下载源码

# 1.从GIT上下载源码
git clone https://github.com/ramunasd/osmctools.git

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2. 生成 configure 脚本等文件

# 2.生成 configure 脚本等文件
[root@tcloud osmctools-master]# autoreconf --install                                  
configure.ac:3: installing './install-sh'
configure.ac:3: installing './missing'
src/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'

在这里插入图片描述

构建环境并生成 Makefile 以及设置编译选项的脚本

# 3.构建环境并生成 Makefile 以及设置编译选项的脚本
[root@tcloud osmctools-master]# ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking for gzopen in -lz... yes
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile
config.status: creating include/config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands

# 4.安装
make install
[root@tcloud osmctools-master]# make install
Making install in src
make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/osmctools-master/src'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmconvert.o -MD -MP -M                                                                                                      F .deps/osmconvert.Tpo -c -o osmconvert.o osmconvert.c
mv -f .deps/osmconvert.Tpo .deps/osmconvert.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmconvert osmconvert.o -lz
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmfilter.o -MD -MP -MF                                                                                                       .deps/osmfilter.Tpo -c -o osmfilter.o osmfilter.c
mv -f .deps/osmfilter.Tpo .deps/osmfilter.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmfilter osmfilter.o
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmupdate.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/osmupdate.Tpo -c -o osmupdate.o osmupdate.c
mv -f .deps/osmupdate.Tpo .deps/osmupdate.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmupdate osmupdate.o
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmchange.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/osmchange.Tpo -c -o osmchange.o osmchange.c
mv -f .deps/osmchange.Tpo .deps/osmchange.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmchange osmchange.o
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT pbftoosm.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/pbftoosm.Tpo -c -o pbftoosm.o pbftoosm.c
mv -f .deps/pbftoosm.Tpo .deps/pbftoosm.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o pbftoosm pbftoosm.o -lz
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmrelpoly.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/osmrelpoly.Tpo -c -o osmrelpoly.o osmrelpoly.c
mv -f .deps/osmrelpoly.Tpo .deps/osmrelpoly.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmrelpoly osmrelpoly.o
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmassignpoly.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/osmassignpoly.Tpo -c -o osmassignpoly.o osmassignpoly.c
mv -f .deps/osmassignpoly.Tpo .deps/osmassignpoly.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmassignpoly osmassignpoly.o
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmgeobase.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/osmgeobase.Tpo -c -o osmgeobase.o osmgeobase.c
mv -f .deps/osmgeobase.Tpo .deps/osmgeobase.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmgeobase osmgeobase.o
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../include     -march=native -O3 -MT osmposition.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/osmposition.Tpo -c -o osmposition.o osmposition.c
mv -f .deps/osmposition.Tpo .deps/osmposition.Po
gcc  -march=native -O3   -o osmposition osmposition.o
make[2]: Entering directory `/opt/osmctools-master/src'
 /usr/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/bin'
  /usr/bin/install -c osmconvert osmfilter osmupdate osmchange pbftoosm osmrelpoly osmassignpoly osmgeobase osmposition '/usr/local/bin'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/osmctools-master/src'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/osmctools-master/src'
make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/osmctools-master'
make[2]: Entering directory `/opt/osmctools-master'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/osmctools-master'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/osmctools-master'

安装成功后增加的bin文件跟介绍里的一样：

在这里插入图片描述

4.工具使用实例

这里举例一个用到的命令osmconvert。

它是一个用于处理OSM（OpenStreetMap）地图数据的命令行工具。可以将OSM地图文件从一种格式转换成另一种格式，比如OSM XML文件转换成PBF（Protocolbuffer Binary Format）、CSV（Comma Separated Values）等格式，并且可以对地图数据进行筛选、剪切、合并等操作。

# 可以直接输入 osmconvert 根据指引进行文件处理
[root@tcloud ~]# osmconvert

osmconvert 0.8.11

Converts .osm, .o5m, .pbf, .osc, .osh files, applies changes
of .osc, .o5c, .osh files and sets limiting borders.
Use command line option -h to get a parameter overview,
or --help to get detailed help.

If you are familiar with the command line, press <Return>.

If you do not know how to operate the command line, please
enter "a" (press key E and hit <Return>).

不同版本的 osmconvert 用法可能不同，常见的用法：

查看PBF文件的统计信息

osmconvert china-latest.osm.pbf --out-statistics
-----------------------------------------------------------------
timestamp min: 2007-02-27T00:40:13Z
timestamp max: 2023-05-16T19:28:11Z
lon min: 52.8472761
lon max: 135.6776013
lat min: 4.9997288
lat max: 54.0115689
nodes: 152714910
ways: 11459000
relations: 148001
node id min: 274901
node id max: 10903266309
way id min: 4181592
way id max: 1173486456
relation id min: 2664
relation id max: 15863565
keyval pairs max: 605
keyval pairs max object: relation 270056
noderefs max: 2000
noderefs max object: way 28779814
relrefs max: 8899
relrefs max object: relation 911618
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Finished! Calculation time: 31s.

将OSM XML文件转换成PBF格式：

osmconvert input.osm -o=output.pbf

将PBF格式的地图文件转换成OSM XML格式：

# pbf格式的文件无法直接查看转换后可直接看数据
osmconvert input.pbf -o=output.osm

将PBF格式的地图文件转换成CSV格式：

# 转换成csv文件可以直接导入数据库
osmconvert input.pbf --csv="@id @lon @lat name place" -o=output.csv

筛选地图数据中的节点、路线或关系：

osmconvert input.pbf --all-to-nodes -o=output_nodes.osm
osmconvert input.pbf --all-to-ways -o=output_ways.osm
osmconvert input.pbf --all-to-relations -o=output_relations.osm

对地图数据进行剪切或合并：

osmconvert input1.osm input2.osm -o=output_combined.osm

# -b=经度最小值,纬度最小值,经度最大值,纬度最大值
osmconvert input.pbf -b=-122.6,45.4,-122.3,45.6 --complete-ways -o=output_bbox.osm

如何获取边界数据呢？这里提供一种方式，使用GIS工具QGIS【其他工具应该也是可以的】查看：

在这里插入图片描述
使用要素导出获取画布范围的座标信息：

在这里插入图片描述

# 较大的pbf文件使用参数--hash-memory="XXXM"来增加哈希表的大小
# 否则报错 "Hash size had to be reduced."

# 测试剪切郑州市的数据【西南东北】
osmconvert china-latest.osm.pbf -b=112.621514332,34.241174295,114.294626906,34.994721475 --hash-memory="2048M" --complete-ways --out-pbf -o=zhengzhou-latest.osm.pbf

文件大小从980.58MB->5.23MB统计一下剪切后的文件：

[root@node178 /opt/omsctools]$ osmconvert zhengzhou-latest.osm.pbf --out-statistics
timestamp min: 2009-01-04T08:29:32Z
timestamp max: 2023-05-16T18:42:30Z
lon min: 98.4340096
lon max: 121.3549585
lat min: 31.1094074
lat max: 39.6300194
nodes: 846199
ways: 86574
relations: 1638
node id min: 244078483
node id max: 10903000445
way id min: 30896261
way id max: 1173456169
relation id min: 170266
relation id max: 15863565
keyval pairs max: 605
keyval pairs max object: relation 270056
noderefs max: 1987
noderefs max object: way 643962897
relrefs max: 6360
relrefs max object: relation 170266

更多命令和参数可通过 help 查询：

# 使用 help 查看可执行的命令
[root@tcloud ~]# osmconvert --help

Examples

./osmconvert europe.pbf --drop-author >europe.osm
./osmconvert europe.pbf |gzip >europe.osm.gz
bzcat europe.osm.bz2 |./osmconvert --out-pbf >europe.pbf
./osmconvert europe.pbf -B=ch.poly >switzerland.osm
./osmconvert switzerland.osm --out-o5m >switzerland.o5m
./osmconvert june_july.osc --out-o5c >june_july.o5c
./osmconvert june.o5m june_july.o5c.gz --out-o5m >july.o5m
./osmconvert sep.osm sep_oct.osc oct_nov.osc >nov.osm
./osmconvert northamerica.osm southamerica.osm >americas.osm