Nginx 基于多网卡的主机实现

一、虚拟机前置环境准备

点击虚拟机右下角的红色标框按钮，然后右键设置，在弹框内点击添加按钮，选择网络适配器，点击完成，然后选择刚添加的网络适配器，右侧选择自定义然后选择net8网卡。我这里是额外添加了2块网卡。建议在操作这种方式之前，先给虚拟机拍摄一个镜像快照，好弄坏了之后可以快速恢复。

添加网卡后，可以通过 ip a 看到，多了ens 33 和 ens 34, ensXX 每个人机器可能会不太一样，我原来只有一个ens32。然后我们需要到 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts 里重新配置一下 ip地址。这里可以直接copy ens32的配置文件，改下内容和ip即可。需要注意，**UUID，新添加的网卡里的文件需要删除。**修改完成后，再刷新一下网络 systemctl restart network(重启网络服务，包括网络接口和网络配置。执行此命令后，系统会停止并重新启动网络服务，使新的网络配置生效。)

[root@localhost network-scripts]#
[root@localhost network-scripts]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:f0:d4:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.125.100/24 brd 192.168.125.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::3c1a:3ae7:b89f:526c/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7c:bd:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:7c:bd:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:f0:d4:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.125.3/24 brd 192.168.125.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1793sec preferred_lft 1793sec
    inet6 fe80::1412:42a9:8970:c761/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: ens34: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:f0:d4:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.125.4/24 brd 192.168.125.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens34
       valid_lft 1798sec preferred_lft 1798sec
    inet6 fe80::a25d:4f31:41b2:d1bf/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@localhost network-scripts]#
[root@localhost network-scripts]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens32  ifdown-ippp    ifdown-sit       ifup-bnep  ifup-plip    ifup-Team          network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-Team      ifup-eth   ifup-plusb   ifup-TeamPort
ifdown       ifdown-isdn    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ib    ifup-post    ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-post    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ippp  ifup-ppp     ifup-wireless
ifdown-eth   ifdown-ppp     ifup             ifup-ipv6  ifup-routes  init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ib    ifdown-routes  ifup-aliases     ifup-isdn  ifup-sit     network-functions
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens32 ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens32 ifcfg-ens34
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens32  ifdown-bnep  ifdown-isdn    ifdown-Team      ifup-bnep  ifup-isdn   ifup-routes    ifup-wireless
ifcfg-ens33  ifdown-eth   ifdown-post    ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-eth   ifup-plip   ifup-sit       init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-ens34  ifdown-ib    ifdown-ppp     ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ib    ifup-plusb  ifup-Team      network-functions
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ippp  ifdown-routes  ifup             ifup-ippp  ifup-post   ifup-TeamPort  network-functions-ipv6
ifdown       ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-sit     ifup-aliases     ifup-ipv6  ifup-ppp    ifup-tunnel
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens34
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network

`ifcfg-ens32`配置文件的内容参考

复制 ifcfg-ens32 ，给 ifcfg-ens33, ifcfg-ens34. vim 修改里面的 NAME,DEVICE,IP为自己的name,device,ip.然后注意 UUID，新添加的网卡里的文件需要删除。

[root@localhost network-scripts]# 
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens32
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens32
UUID=1dd7cf75-792e-4eb6-b480-e47a69ea352b
DEVICE=ens32
EONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.125.100
NETMASK=255.255.225.0
GATEWAY=192.168.125.2

`ifcfg-ens33`配置文件的内容

33 和 34的类似，这里就不给出34的了，需要删除 UUID

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
EONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.125.101
NETMASK=255.255.225.0
GATEWAY=192.168.125.2

二、案例演示

修改nginx.conf配置文件

前面添加了 2个新的虚拟网卡，并配置了ip为 192.168.125.101，192.168.125.102. 这里就模拟了在一个nginx服务里管理，3台不同的服务器。下面是分别监听这3台服务器的 80端口，访问的index页面。

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #在http段中添加chartset 设置字符集为 utf-8即可对下面的所有虚拟主机生效,不加会有中文乱码问题
     charset utf-8;

    server {
        listen       192.168.125.100;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html/virtual01;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
   server {
        listen       192.168.125.101;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html/virtual01;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
  server {
        listen       192.168.125.102;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html/virtual02;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

其实上面的 server段的虚拟主机的location段 / 的路径是指代执行了 ./sbin/nginx -V 下的 --prefix=/opt/software/middleware/nginx-install-1.22.1, 因此 root 路径里的就是指 /opt/software/middleware/nginx-install-1.22.1/html/virtual01， index 就是指 index首页。

nginx默认的首页就是在html/index.html, 我这里为了更深刻的理解它的路径，更换成了自己的文件夹/opt/software/middleware/nginx-install-1.22.1/html/virtual01/index.html。

根据上面的 conf文件里的配置，当我访问 192.168.125.100 和 192.168.125.101 时，它会监听到80端口被访问，然后返回 /opt/software/middleware/nginx-install-1.22.1/html/virtual01/index.html 也就是返回：你好我是虚拟主机1。访问 192.168.125.102时，返回 /opt/software/middleware/nginx-install-1.22.1/html/virtual01/index.html 也就是返回：你好我是虚拟主机2

[root@localhost nginx-install-1.22.1]# 
root@localhost nginx-install-1.22.1]# pwd
/opt/software/middleware/nginx-install-1.22.1
[root@localhost nginx-install-1.22.1]# 
[root@localhost nginx-install-1.22.1]# 
[root@localhost nginx-install-1.22.1]# ./sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.22.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) 
configure arguments: --prefix=/opt/software/middleware/nginx-install-1.22.1
[root@localhost nginx-install-1.22.1]# 
[root@localhost nginx-install-1.22.1]# cat html/virtual0*/index.html
<h1> 你好我是虚拟主机1</h1>
<h1> 你好我是虚拟主机2</h1>