1、下载Ubuntu系统的iso文件

• 官方下载地址：Download Ubuntu Desktop | Download | Ubuntu

• 阿里云镜像下载地址：ubuntu-releases安装包下载_开源镜像站-阿里云

2、制作U盘引导盘

• 下载软件 Rufus：https://rufus.akeo.ie 绿色免安装，下载后点exe运行即可(windwos环境下)

  按照如图设置后，软件会把ubuntu-22.10-desktop-amd64.iso文件，写入U盘，制作系统启动盘。（注：最好是一个空U盘，要不然会被格式化）

mbr和gpt选哪个？参考

较新的机子选：GPT

3、安装Ubuntu

1）bios中设置为U盘启动

bios版本不同，方式也不同；自已查找方法。略

2）U盘启动，安装配置项

进入安装界面后，按提示选择配置项

3）分区（重点）

以双硬盘全新安装为例；

1、固态盘128G安装系统

2、机械盘1T存数据

• 设置EFI引导区（固态盘中）

  因为是U盘的UEFI启动，因此需要设置EFI引导。系统引导文件都在里面。

  • 分区类型：逻辑分区

  • 大小：1000M之内

  • 用于：fat32文件系统

• swap虚拟内存区（固态盘中）

  swap交换空间，也就是虚拟内存的地方；一般为物理内存的2倍

  • 分区类型：主分区

  • 大小：16G

  • 用于：交换空间

• 根目录/区（固态盘中）

  • 分区类型：主分区

  • 大小：固态盘剩余部分

  • 用于：Ext4日志文件系统

  • 挂载点：/

• home目录区（机械盘中）

  • 分区类型：逻辑分区

  • 大小：整个机械盘

  • 用于：Ext4日志文件系统

  • 挂载点：/home

4）开始安装

过程略

4、换阿里云源

换源操作可以在后面root权限设置完成后进行

# root用户操作
# 打开该文件，替换；要替换的部分注释掉，不要删除
vim /etc/apt/sources.list

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse