当前EXSI上虚拟机所在的单独数据磁盘空间满了，需要对空间进行扩容，我们先在主机对磁盘容量进行调整，然后在系统里面对磁盘空间进行拓展，这些操作需要保留数据并且不改变现有的磁盘格局。
遵循大致操作流程是：
1.先登录esxi host给对应的虚拟机，配置增加磁盘空间，从1T调整到1.5T
(最好重启一次，通过fdisk -l查看硬盘空间是否有变化)
2.扩展现有物理分区(使用parted工具分配新增加的剩余可用空间)
3.刷新现有物理卷
4.拓展现有逻辑卷
5.刷新文件系统大小
一、EXSI host增加磁盘空间
１.
２.进入虚拟机查看系统分区情况（检查容量是否增加）
# 查看磁盘中使用情况
df -h
# 查看当前系统的分区情况
lsblk
# 查看磁盘空间
fdisk -l /dev/sdb
下面是对比图，调整空间后，从1 Tib -> 1.46 Tib，通过df -h查看文件系统大小没有变化
# 调整前
root@ubuntu01:/# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1 TiB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe75184a0
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 2147483647 2147481600 1024G 8e Linux LVM
root@cngscccw-vpd405:/#
# 调整后(需要重启)
root@ubuntu01:~# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.46 TiB, 1610612736000 bytes, 3145728000 sectors
Disk model: Virtual disk
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe75184a0
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 2147483647 2147481600 1024G 8e Linux LVM
root@cngscccw-vpd405:~# 二、扩展物理分区
使用parted工具分配剩余的可用空间
# 查看当前分区情况
parted /dev/sdb print
# 扩展第1个分区 /dev/sdb1
parted /dev/sdb resizepart 1 100%
# 再次查看当前分区
parted /dev/sdb print 下面是记录的操作过程
# 查看当前分区情况
parted /dev/sdb print
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1611GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 1100GB 1100GB primary lvm
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 扩展第1个分区 /dev/sdb1
parted /dev/sdb resizepart 1 100%
root@ubuntu01:~# parted /dev/sdb resizepart 1 100%
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 再次查看当前分区
parted /dev/sdb print
root@ubuntu01:~# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1611GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 1611GB 1611GB primary lvm
root@ubuntu01:~#我们可以看到物理分区从1100GB -> 1611GB
三、刷新物理卷pv
# 查看物理卷
pvdisplay
# 刷新物理卷
pvresize /dev/sdb1
# 再次查看物理卷
pvdisplay下面是记录的操作过程
# 查看物理卷
pvdisplay
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name database-vg
PV Size <1024.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 262143
Free PE 2
Allocated PE 262141
PV UUID ORA3sA-pBOe-aI8y-b2bH-Yri5-ozBX-ETtAZz
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size <98.00 GiB / not usable 0
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25087
Free PE 12544
Allocated PE 12543
PV UUID szrK7P-7rOF-Hvm0-l3Tz-Nqjk-QH6W-hNU3dW
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 刷新物理卷
pvresize /dev/sdb1
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# pvresize /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 再次查看物理卷
pvdisplay
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name database-vg
PV Size 1.46 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 383999
Free PE 121858
Allocated PE 262141
PV UUID ORA3sA-pBOe-aI8y-b2bH-Yri5-ozBX-ETtAZz
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name ubuntu-vg
PV Size <98.00 GiB / not usable 0
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25087
Free PE 12544
Allocated PE 12543
PV UUID szrK7P-7rOF-Hvm0-l3Tz-Nqjk-QH6W-hNU3dW
root@ubuntu01:~# 我们可以看到物理卷/dev/sdb1的PV Size从<1024.00 GiB变成了 1.46 TiB
四、扩展逻辑分区lv
# 查看所有逻辑分区
lvdisplay
# 查看磁盘情况，确认要扩展的分区
df -h
# 扩展分区(保留5%空间用于后期做快照)
lvextend -l +95%FREE /dev/database-vg/database
# 确认逻辑分区扩展情况
lvdisplay
下面是记录的操作过程
# 查看所有逻辑分区
lvdisplay
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/database-vg/database
LV Name database
VG Name database-vg
LV UUID sRQwkS-iqaA-LYmR-DOeK-lmaD-H1Vm-vyGj8t
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time cngscccw-vpd405, 2024-09-10 16:24:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <1023.99 GiB
Current LE 262141
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID F63iLA-jGl0-moDP-bxnw-4WRe-QqCJ-Ltspuz
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2024-09-10 01:55:22 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <49.00 GiB
Current LE 12543
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 扩展目标分区
lvextend -l +95%FREE /dev/database-vg/database
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# lvextend -l +95%FREE /dev/database-vg/database
Size of logical volume database-vg/database changed from <1023.99 GiB (262141 extents) to 1.44 TiB (377907 extents).
Logical volume database-vg/database successfully resized.
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 再次查看逻辑分区
lvdisplay
root@ubuntu01:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/database-vg/database
LV Name database
VG Name database-vg
LV UUID sRQwkS-iqaA-LYmR-DOeK-lmaD-H1Vm-vyGj8t
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time cngscccw-vpd405, 2024-09-10 16:24:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.44 TiB
Current LE 377907
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID F63iLA-jGl0-moDP-bxnw-4WRe-QqCJ-Ltspuz
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2024-09-10 01:55:22 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <49.00 GiB
Current LE 12543
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
root@ubuntu01:~#
五、刷新文件系统
在调整逻辑分区后，但是df -h系统并未更新，需要调整文件系统大小以使用新分配的空间。
resize2fs命令 针对文件系统ext2 ext3 ext4
xfs_growfs命令 针对文件系统xfs
通过df -Th可以确认文件系统为 ext4
# 查看磁盘 确认文件系统为 ext4
df -Th
# 针对文件系统ext2 ext3 ext4 调整文件系统大小 使扩展生效
resize2fs /dev/database-vg/database
# 对于 XFS 文件系统
xfs_growfs /dev/database-vg/database
# 再次磁盘空间
df -h下面是记录的操作过程
# 查看磁盘
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 1.6G 1.2M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 48G 13G 34G 28% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/mapper/database--vg-database 1007G 887G 70G 93% /database
/dev/sda2 2.0G 245M 1.6G 14% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 4.0K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1001
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 调整文件系统大小 使扩展生效
resize2fs /dev/database-vg/database
root@ubuntu01:~#
root@ubuntu01:~# resize2fs /dev/database-vg/database
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/database-vg/database is mounted on /database; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 128, new_desc_blocks = 185
The filesystem on /dev/database-vg/database is now 386976768 (4k) blocks long.
root@ubuntu01:~#
# 再次查看磁盘
root@ubuntu01:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 1.6G 1.2M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 48G 13G 34G 28% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/mapper/database--vg-database 1.5T 887G 497G 65% /database
/dev/sda2 2.0G 245M 1.6G 14% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 4.0K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1001
root@ubuntu01:~# 到此磁盘空间拓展完成。
