在数字化浪潮下，业务横跨Web端、移动端，数据实时同步成了刚需。 Spring Boot 3.3携强大方案登场，为多端数据一致性难题精准“破局”。

1、基于WebSocket的即时推送

WebSocket能在客户端与服务端建立持久连接，实现即时通信。在Spring Boot 3.3里，先引入依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置WebSocket，创建一个简单的配置类：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
publicclassWebSocketConfigimplementsWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

    @Override
    publicvoidconfigureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {
        registry.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
        registry.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
    }

    @Override
    publicvoidregisterStompEndpoint(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSocketsJS();
    }
}

服务端推送数据示例，创建一个消息服务：

import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
publicclassDataPushService {

    @Resource
    private SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate;

    publicvoidpushDataToClients(String destination, Object data) {
        messagingTemplate.convertAndSend(destination, data);
    }
}

前端（以JavaScript为例）连接WebSocket接收数据：

const socket = new SockJS('/ws');
const stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);

stompClient.connect({}, function () {
    stompClient.subscribe('/topic/data-updates', function (response) {
        const data = JSON.parse(response.body);
        console.log('收到更新数据:', data);
    });
});

通过这样的机制，后台数据一变，前端立马知晓。

2、利用Kafka实现异步数据同步

Kafka是高性能的消息队列，适合处理大量数据变更。引入Kafka依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
</dependency>

生产者发送数据，创建一个Kafka生产者服务：

import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
publicclassKafkaProducerService {

    @Resource
    private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;

    publicvoidsendDataChange(String topic, String message) {
        kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message);
    }
}

消费者监听数据变更，创建Kafka消费者类：

import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class KafkaConsumerComponent {

    @KafkaListener(topics = "data-change-topic")
    public void handleDataChange(String message) {
        System.out.println("接收到Kafka数据变更: " + message);
        // 在此处理数据更新逻辑
    }
}

不同端通过Kafka传递数据变更，异步又高效，无惧高并发场景。

3、数据库变更监听与触发

利用Spring Data JPA的事件机制监听数据库变更。创建一个实体类：

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.CreatedDate;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.LastModifiedDate;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener;

@Entity
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
publicclassProduct {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    @CreatedDate
    private java.util.Date createdAt;
    @LastModifiedDate
    private java.util.Date updatedAt;
    // 其他属性
}

创建监听类，当数据库产品表有更新时触发：

import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaAuditing;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.persistence.PostUpdate;

@Component
@EnableJpaAuditing
publicclassProductChangeListener {

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager entityManager;

    @PostUpdate
    @Transactional
    publicvoidonProductUpdate(Product product) {
        // 获取更新后的产品信息，推送数据变更通知
        System.out.println("产品数据更新, 推送同步通知");
    }
}

小结

Spring Boot 3.3这套组合拳，涵盖WebSocket、Kafka与数据库监听，构建起坚固的数据同步防线。无论是电商实时库存，还是社交动态更新，都能让多端数据严丝合缝，保障业务流畅运转，助力开发者打造无缝体验的应用。