#联通用户管理系统（一）
1.新建项目
如果你是windows的话，界面应该是如下的：
2.创建app
python manage.py startapp app01
一般情况下：我们是在pycharm的终端中运行上述指令，但是pychrm中为我们提供了工具，点击工具，找到并点击Run manage.py Task，便打开了manage.py窗口，相当于pychrm为我们运行了manage.py。我们直接输入startapp app01 便可以出创建app了。
如果你是windows电脑，界面如下：
注册app：将我们创建的app注册到setting.py中
3.设计表结构（django）
from django.db import models
class Department(models.Model):
""" 部门表 """
title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
# 无约束
# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
# 1.有约束
# - to，与那张表关联
# - to_field，表中的那一列关联
# 2.django自动
# - 写的depart
# - 生成数据列 depart_id
# 3.部门表被删除
# ### 3.1 级联删除
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# ### 3.2 置空
# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
# 在django中做的约束
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
4.在MySQL中生成表
-
工具连接MySQL生成数据库。
create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; -
修改配置文件，连接MySQL
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': 'root123', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL 'PORT': 3306, } }
-
django命令生成数据库表
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
如果你在测试连接数据库的过程中出现错误，可以先检查settings.py文件中MYSQL数据库的配置是否正确。
表结构创建成功：
5.静态文件管理
static目录
6.部门管理
我们先用最原始的方式来做，之后我们再用dgango组件
Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件（方便）
在还没有创建新建部门的功能时，为了数据是否能够显示，可以进行如下操作：
通过Dgano Shell插入数据
在Dgango项目的根目录下，打开终端，使用命令进入Django Shell:
python manage.py shell
然后运行以下代码插入部门数据：
from app01.models import Department
# 创建部门数据
Department.objects.creat(title="人事部")
Department.objects.creat(title="技术部")
Department.objects.creat(title="财务部")
这会 将部门数据插入到department表中。
models.py
from django.db import models
# 部门管理
class Department(models.Model):
"""部门表"""
#id = models.BigAutoField(verbose_name="ID", primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(verbose_name="标题", max_length=32,null="True",blank="True")
class UsrInfo(models.Model):
"""员工表"""
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄", default=0)
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额",max_digits=10,decimal_places=2,default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
# #无约束的
# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")
#有约束
# 1.—to, 与那张表关联
# - to_field. 表中的那一列关联
# 2.django自动
# - 写的depart
# - 生成数据列 depart_id
# 3.部门表被删除
# ####3.1 级联删除
depart = models.ForeignKey(to = "Department", to_field="id", on_delete = models.CASCADE)
# ###3.2 置空
#depart = models.ForeignKey(to = "Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
# 在django中做约束 男女
gender_choices =(
(1, '男'),
(2,'女'),
)
gender_choices = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别",choices=gender_choices)
urls.py
"""
URL configuration for Employee_Management_System project.
The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
1. Add an import: from my_app import views
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
#path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('depart/list/',views.depart_list),
# 添加部门
path('depart/add/',views.depart_add),
#删除部门
path('depart/delete/',views.depart_delete),
# 编辑部门
path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/',views.depart_edit)
]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.
def depart_list(request):
"""部门列表"""
#却数据库中获取部门信息
queryset = models.Department.objects.all()
return render(request,'depart_list.html',{'queryset':queryset})
def depart_add(request):
"""添加部门"""
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request,'depart_add.html')
# 获取用户通过post提交的是数据集
title = request.POST.get("title")
# 保存到数据库
models.Department.objects.create(title=title)
#重定项回部门列表
return redirect("/depart/list/")
def depart_delete(request):
""""删除部门"""
# 获取id
nid = request.GET.get('nid')
# 删除
models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
# 跳转
return redirect("/depart/list/")
def depart_edit(request,nid):
"""编辑部门"""
if request.method == "GET":
#根据nid获取数据
row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
return render(request,'depart_edit.html',{'row_object':row_object})
#获取用户提交的标题，根据id找到数据库中的数据并进行更新
models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=request.POST.get("title"))
#重新定向会部门列表
return redirect("/depart/list/")
depart_list.html
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
<style>
.navbar{
border: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">联通用户管理系统</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">登陆</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">橙子师兄 <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li>
<li><a href="#">我的信息</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">注销</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div>
<div class="container">
<div style="margin-bottom: 10px">
<a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/" >
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>
新建部门
</a>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-default">
<!-- Default panel contents -->
<div class="panel-heading">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>
</div>
<!-- Table -->
<table class="table table-bordered" >
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>名称</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for obj in queryset %}
<tr>
<th>{{ obj.id }}</th>
<td>{{ obj.title }}</td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑</a>
<a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
depart_add.html
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
<style>
.navbar{
border: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">联通用户管理系统</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">登陆</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">橙子师兄 <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li>
<li><a href="#">我的信息</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">注销</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div>
<div class="container">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">新建部门</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label>标题</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
depart_edit.html
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
<style>
.navbar{
border: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">联通用户管理系统</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">登陆</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">橙子师兄 <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li>
<li><a href="#">我的信息</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">注销</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div>
<div class="container">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">修改部门</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="form-group">
<label>标题</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title" value="{{ row_object.title }}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" >提交</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
效果展示：
7.模板的继承
- 部门列表
- 添加部门
- 编辑部门
定义目版：layout.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">
{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<h1>标题</h1>
<div>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
<h1>底部</h1>
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
继承母版：
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}">
<style>
...
</style>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>首页</h1>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}
8.用户管理
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("韩超","666",23,100.68,"2020-01-11",2,1);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘东","123",23,100.68,"2010-11-11",1,4);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("朱虎飞","999",33,9900.68,"2021-05-11",1,1);
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(64) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| account | decimal(10,2) | NO | | NULL | |
| create_time | datetime(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | smallint(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| depart_id | bigint(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
新建用户：
-
原始方式理思路：不会采用（本质）【麻烦】
- 用户提交数据没有校验。 - 错误，页面上应该有错误提示。 - 页面上，没一个字段都需要我们重新写一遍。 [OK] - 关联的数据，手动去获取并展示循环展示在页面。 [OK] -
Django组件
- Form组件（小简便）
- ModelForm组件（最简便）
8.1 初识Form
1. views.py
class MyForm(Form):
user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
8.3 ModelForm（推荐）
0. models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
""" 员工表 """
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
gender_choices = (
(1, "男"),
(2, "女"),
)
gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
1. views.py
class MyForm(ModelForm):
xx = form.CharField*("...")
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ["name","password","age","xx"]
def user_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = MyForm()
return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">
{% for field in form%}
{{ field }}
{% endfor %}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
<form method="post">
{{ form.user }}
{{ form.pwd }}
{{ form.email }}
<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
