WPF编程excel表格操作
- 摘要
- NPOI安装
- 封装代码
- 测试代码
摘要
Excel操作几种方式
- 使用开源库NPOI(常用，操作丰富)
- 使用Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel COM组件(兼容性问题)
- 使用OpenXml(效率高)
- 使用OleDb(过时)
NPOI安装
封装代码
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Data;
using NPOI.SS.Util;
using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
using NPOI.XSSF.UserModel; // 对于.xlsx文件
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; // 对于.xls文件
namespace GasAlarmTestTool
{
internal class ExcelTools
{
/// <summary>
/// 创建Excel表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <param name="dataTable"></param>
public void CreateNewExcel(string filePath, DataTable dataTable)
{
IWorkbook workbook;
if (filePath.EndsWith(".xlsx"))
{
workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); // 创建 .xlsx 文件
}
else
{
workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); // 创建 .xls 文件
}
var sheet = workbook.CreateSheet("Sheet1");
// 写入表头
var headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
for (int i = 0; i < dataTable.Columns.Count; i++)
{
headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(dataTable.Columns[i].ColumnName);
}
// 写入数据
for (int i = 0; i < dataTable.Rows.Count; i++)
{
var dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < dataTable.Columns.Count; j++)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(dataTable.Rows[i][j].ToString());
}
}
SetUniformColumnWidth(sheet, 20); // 默认统一列宽20
// 保存文件
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
workbook.Write(stream);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 追加Excel表
/// 追加数据时，可以定位到现有数据的末尾，创建新行并写入。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <param name="dataTable"></param>
public void AppendDataToExistingExcel(string filePath, DataTable dataTable)
{
IWorkbook workbook;
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
workbook = filePath.EndsWith(".xlsx") ? (IWorkbook)new XSSFWorkbook(stream) : new HSSFWorkbook(stream);
}
var sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0);
int lastRowNum = sheet.LastRowNum;
for (int i = 0; i < dataTable.Rows.Count; i++)
{
var dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(lastRowNum + i + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < dataTable.Columns.Count; j++)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(dataTable.Rows[i][j].ToString());
}
}
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Write))
{
workbook.Write(stream);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 查找指定列是否存在item项
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath"></param>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <param name="colIndex"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool SearchColumnExitsItem(string filePath, string item, int colIndex)
{
IWorkbook workbook;
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
workbook = filePath.EndsWith(".xlsx") ? (IWorkbook)new XSSFWorkbook(stream) : new HSSFWorkbook(stream);
}
var sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0);
// 遍历每一行
for (int row = 0; row <= sheet.LastRowNum; row++)
{
IRow currentRow = sheet.GetRow(row);
if (currentRow != null)
{
// 遍历每一列
for (int column = 0; column < currentRow.LastCellNum; column++)
{
ICell currentCell = currentRow.GetCell(column);
var cellValue = currentCell.ToString();
if ((column == colIndex) && (cellValue == item))
{
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置列宽
/// </summary>
/// <param name="workbook"></param>
/// <param name="sheetIndex"></param>
/// <param name="columnIndex"></param>
public void SetColumnWidth(IWorkbook workbook, int sheetIndex, int columnIndex)
{
var sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(sheetIndex);
// 设置列宽(单位是 1/256 字符宽度)
sheet.SetColumnWidth(columnIndex, 20 * 256); // 设置第1列宽度为20
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置行高
/// </summary>
/// <param name="workbook"></param>
/// <param name="sheetIndex"></param>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
public void SetColumnRowHeight(IWorkbook workbook, int sheetIndex, int rowIndex)
{
var sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(sheetIndex);
// 设置行高（单位是点数）
var row = sheet.GetRow(rowIndex) ?? sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
row.HeightInPoints = 25; // 设置行高为25点
}
/// <summary>
/// 同时设置列宽和行高
/// </summary>
/// <param name="workbook"></param>
/// <param name="sheetIndex"></param>
/// <param name="columnIndex"></param>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
/// <param name="width"></param>
/// <param name="height"></param>
public void SetColumnWidthAndRowHeight(IWorkbook workbook, int sheetIndex, int columnIndex, int rowIndex, int width, int height)
{
var sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(sheetIndex);
// 设置列宽（单位是1/256字符宽度）
sheet.SetColumnWidth(columnIndex, width * 256); // 设置第1列宽度为 20
var row = sheet.GetRow(rowIndex) ?? sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
row.HeightInPoints = height; // 25
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置统一行高
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sheet"></param>
/// <param name="heightInPoints"></param>
public void SetUniformRowHeight(ISheet sheet, float heightInPoints)
{
for (int i = 0; i < sheet.LastRowNum; i++)
{
var row = sheet.GetRow(i) ?? sheet.CreateRow(i);
row.HeightInPoints = heightInPoints;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置统一列宽
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sheet"></param>
/// <param name="widthInCharacters"></param>
public void SetUniformColumnWidth(ISheet sheet, int widthInCharacters)
{
for (int i = 0; i < sheet.GetRow(0).LastCellNum; i++) // 以第一行的单元格数量为列数
{
sheet.SetColumnWidth(i, widthInCharacters * 256); // 设置列宽
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置统一行高和列宽
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sheet"></param>
/// <param name="rowHeightInPoints"></param>
/// <param name="columnWidthCharacters"></param>
public void SetUniformRowHeightAndColumnWidth(ISheet sheet, float rowHeightInPoints, int columnWidthCharacters)
{
SetUniformRowHeight(sheet, rowHeightInPoints);
SetUniformColumnWidth(sheet, columnWidthCharacters);
}
/// <summary>
/// 合并单元格可以通过 CellRangeAddress 设置，需要定义起始和结束的行列。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="workbook"></param>
/// <param name="sheetIndex"></param>
/// <param name="firstRow"></param>
/// <param name="lastRow"></param>
/// <param name="firstCol"></param>
/// <param name="lastCol"></param>
public void MergeCells(IWorkbook workbook, int sheetIndex, int firstRow, int lastRow, int firstCol, int lastCol)
{
var sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(sheetIndex);
// 合并单元格
var cellRangeAddress = new CellRangeAddress(firstRow, lastRow, firstCol, lastCol);
sheet.AddMergedRegion(cellRangeAddress);
// 可以对合并后的单元格设置样式
var cell = sheet.GetRow(firstRow).GetCell(firstCol) ?? sheet.GetRow(firstRow).CreateCell(firstCol);
var style = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
style.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center;
cell.CellStyle = style;
}
public void SetCellStyle(IWorkbook workbook, int sheetIndex, int rowIndex, int colIndex)
{
var sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(sheetIndex);
var cell = sheet.GetRow(rowIndex).GetCell(colIndex) ?? sheet.GetRow(rowIndex).CreateCell(colIndex);
var style = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
// 设置字体
var font = workbook.CreateFont();
font.FontHeightInPoints = 1;
font.FontName = "Arial";
font.IsBold = true;
style.SetFont(font);
// 设置边框
style.BorderBottom = BorderStyle.Thin;
style.BorderLeft = BorderStyle.Thin;
style.BorderRight = BorderStyle.Thin;
style.BorderTop = BorderStyle.Thin;
// 设置背景颜色
style.FillForegroundColor = IndexedColors.LightBlue.Index;
style.FillPattern = FillPattern.SolidForeground;
cell.CellStyle = style;
cell.SetCellValue("示例文本内容");
}
}
}
测试代码
private ExcelTools excel = new ExcelTools();
string excelFileName = Properties.Settings.Default.SavePath + "/燃气报警器数据表格.xlsx";
// TODO: 生成保存数据
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add("设备UUID", typeof(string));
dt.Columns.Add("SIM卡号", typeof(string));
dt.Columns.Add("设备型号", typeof(string));
dt.Columns.Add("网络型号", typeof(string));
dt.Columns.Add("生产日期", typeof(string));
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["设备UUID"] = "2021886000001";
dr["SIM卡号"] = "86452215642112345675";
dr["设备型号"] = "单甲烷";
dr["网络型号"] = "NB-IoT";
dr["生产日期"] = DateTime.Now.ToString();
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
if (excelFileName.EndsWith(".xls") || excelFileName.EndsWith(".xlsx"))
{
if (!File.Exists(excelFileName))
{
// TODO: 文件不存在创建文件
excel.CreateNewExcel(excelFileName, dt);
}
else
{
// TODO: 将IMEI号写入个Excel表格，若已经写入过则不再写入，防止重复写入
if (excel.SearchColumnExitsItem(excelFileName, label_imei.Content.ToString(), 0) == false)
{
excel.AppendDataToExistingExcel(excelFileName, dt);
}
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("请先设置表格文件保存！");
}
