目录
1 -> UDP网络编程
1.1 -> V1版本 -echo server
1.2 -> V2版本 -DictServer
1.3 -> V2版本 -DictServer(封装版)

1 -> UDP网络编程
1.1 -> V1版本 -echo server
简单的回显服务器和客户端代码。
备注:代码中会用到地址转换函数。
nocopy.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
class nocopy
{
public:
	nocopy() {}
	nocopy(const nocopy&) = delete;
	const nocopy& operator = (const nocopy&) = delete;
	~nocopy() {}
};UdpServer.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "nocopy.hpp"
#include "Log.hpp"
#include "Comm.hpp"
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
const static uint16_t defaultport = 8888;
const static int defaultfd = -1;
const static int defaultsize = 1024;
class UdpServer : public nocopy
{
public:
	UdpServer(uint16_t port = defaultport)
		: _port(port), _sockfd(defaultfd)
	{
	}
	void Init()
	{
		// 1. 创建 socket,就是创建了文件细节
		_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
		if (_sockfd < 0)
		{
			lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "socket errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
				strerror(errno));
			exit(Socket_Err);
		}
		lg.LogMessage(Info, "socket success, sockfd: %d\n",
			_sockfd);
		// 2. 绑定,指定网络信息
		struct sockaddr_in local;
		bzero(&local, sizeof(local)); // memset
		local.sin_family = AF_INET;
		local.sin_port = htons(_port);
		local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 0
		// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // 1. 4字节 IP 2. 变成网络序列
		// 结构体填完,设置到内核中了吗??没有
		int n = ::bind(_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&local,
			sizeof(local));
		if (n != 0)
		{
			lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "bind errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
				strerror(errno));
			exit(Bind_Err);
		}
	}
	void Start()
	{
		// 服务器永远不退出
		char buffer[defaultsize];
		for (;;)
		{
			struct sockaddr_in peer;
			socklen_t len = sizeof(peer); // 不能乱写
			ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) -
				1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
			if (n > 0)
			{
				InetAddr addr(peer);
				buffer[n] = 0;
				std::cout << "[" << addr.PrintDebug() << "]# " <<
					buffer << std::endl;
				sendto(_sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct
					sockaddr*)&peer, len);
			}
		}
	}
	~UdpServer()
	{
	}
private:
	// std::string _ip; // 后面要调整
	uint16_t _port;
	int _sockfd;
};InetAddr.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
class InetAddr
{
public:
	InetAddr(struct sockaddr_in& addr) :_addr(addr)
	{
		_port = ntohs(_addr.sin_port);
		_ip = inet_ntoa(_addr.sin_addr);
	}
	std::string Ip() 
	{ 
		return _ip; 
	}
	uint16_t Port() 
	{ 
		return _port; 
	};
	std::string PrintDebug()
	{
		std::string info = _ip;
		info += ":";
		info += std::to_string(_port); // "127.0.0.1:4444"
		return info;
	}
	~InetAddr() {}
private:
	std::string _ip;
	uint16_t _port;
	struct sockaddr_in _addr;
};Comm.hpp
#pragma once
enum 
{
	Usage_Err = 1,
	Socket_Err,
	Bind_Err
};- 云服务器不允许直接bind公有IP,我们也不推荐编写服务器的时候,bind明确的IP,推荐直接写成INADDR_ANY。
/* Address to accept any incoming messages. */
#define INADDR_ANY ((in_addr_t) 0x00000000)在网络编程中,当一个进程需要绑定一个网络端口以进行通信时,可以使用INADDR_ANY作为IP地址参数。这样做意味着该端口可以接受来自任何IP地址的连接请求,无论是本地主机还是远程主机。例如,如果服务器有多个网卡(每个网卡上有不同的IP地址),使用INADDR_ANY可以省去确定数据是从服务器上具体哪个网卡/IP地址上面获取的。
UdpClient.hpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
void Usage(const std::string& process)
{
	std::cout << "Usage: " << process << " server_ip server_port"
		<< std::endl;
}
// ./udp_client server_ip server_port
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	if (argc != 3)
	{
		Usage(argv[0]);
		return 1;
	}
	std::string serverip = argv[1];
	uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);
	// 1. 创建 socket
	int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if (sock < 0)
	{
		std::cerr << "socket error: " << strerror(errno) <<
			std::endl;
		return 2;
	}
	std::cout << "create socket success: " << sock << std::endl;
	// 2. client 要不要进行 bind? 一定要 bind 的!!
	// 但是,不需要显示 bind,client 会在首次发送数据的时候会自动进行bind
	// 为什么?server 端的端口号,一定是众所周知,不可改变的,client 需要 port,bind 随机端口.
	// 为什么?client 会非常多.
	// client 需要 bind,但是不需要显示 bind,让本地 OS 自动随机 bind,选择随机端口号
	// 2.1 填充一下 server 信息
	struct sockaddr_in server;
	memset(&server, 0, sizeof(server));
	server.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server.sin_port = htons(serverport);
	server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverip.c_str());
	while (true)
	{
		// 我们要发的数据
		std::string inbuffer;
		std::cout << "Please Enter# ";
		std::getline(std::cin, inbuffer);
		// 我们要发给谁呀?server
		ssize_t n = sendto(sock, inbuffer.c_str(),
			inbuffer.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&server, sizeof(server));
		if (n > 0)
		{
			char buffer[1024];
			//收消息
			struct sockaddr_in temp;
			socklen_t len = sizeof(temp);
			ssize_t m = recvfrom(sock, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
				0, (struct sockaddr*)&temp, &len); // 一般建议都是要填的.
			if (m > 0)
			{
				buffer[m] = 0;
				std::cout << "server echo# " << buffer <<
					std::endl;
			}
			else
				break;
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	close(sock);
	return 0;
}1.2 -> V2版本 -DictServer
实现一个简单的英译汉的网络字典
dict.txt
apple:苹果banana:香蕉cat:猫dog:狗book:书pen:笔happy:快乐的sad:悲伤的run:跑jump:跳teacher:老师student:学生car:汽车bus:公交车love:爱hate:恨hello:你好goodbye:再见summer:夏天winter:冬天
Dict.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <unordered_map>
const std::string sep = ": ";
class Dict
{
private:
	void LoadDict()
	{
		std::ifstream in(_confpath);
		if (!in.is_open())
		{
			std::cerr << "open file error" << std::endl; // 后面可以用日志替代打印
				return;
		}
		std::string line;
		while (std::getline(in, line))
		{
			if (line.empty()) 
				continue;
			auto pos = line.find(sep);
			if (pos == std::string::npos) 
				continue;
			std::string key = line.substr(0, pos);
			std::string value = line.substr(pos + sep.size());
			_dict.insert(std::make_pair(key, value));
		}
		in.close();
	}
public:
	Dict(const std::string& confpath) :_confpath(confpath)
	{
		LoadDict();
	}
	std::string Translate(const std::string& key)
	{
		auto iter = _dict.find(key);
		if (iter == _dict.end()) 
			return std::string("Unknown");
		else 
			return iter->second;
	}
	~Dict()
	{}
private:
	std::string _confpath;
	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> _dict;
};UdpServer.hpp
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <functional>
#include "nocopy.hpp"
#include "Log.hpp"
#include "Comm.hpp"
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
const static uint16_t defaultport = 8888;
const static int defaultfd = -1;
const static int defaultsize = 1024;
using func_t = std::function<void(const std::string& req,
	std::string* resp)>;
class UdpServer : public nocopy
{
public:
	UdpServer(func_t func, uint16_t port = defaultport)
		: _func(func), _port(port), _sockfd(defaultfd)
	{
	}
	void Init()
	{
		// 1. 创建 socket,就是创建了文件细节
		_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
		if (_sockfd < 0)
		{
			lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "socket errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
				strerror(errno));
			exit(Socket_Err);
		}
		lg.LogMessage(Info, "socket success, sockfd: %d\n",
			_sockfd);
		// 2. 绑定,指定网络信息
		struct sockaddr_in local;
		bzero(&local, sizeof(local)); // memset
		local.sin_family = AF_INET;
		local.sin_port = htons(_port);
		local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 0
		// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // 1. 4字节 IP 2. 变成网络序列
		// 结构体填完,设置到内核中了吗??没有
		int n = ::bind(_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&local,
			sizeof(local));
		if (n != 0)
		{
			lg.LogMessage(Fatal, "bind errr, %d : %s\n", errno,
				strerror(errno));
			exit(Bind_Err);
		}
	}
	void Start()
	{
		// 服务器永远不退出
		char buffer[defaultsize];
		for (;;)
		{
			struct sockaddr_in peer;
			socklen_t len = sizeof(peer); // 不能乱写
			ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) -
				1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
			if (n > 0)
			{
				InetAddr addr(peer);
				buffer[n] = 0;
				std::cout << "[" << addr.PrintDebug() << "]# " <<
					buffer << std::endl;
				std::string value;
				_func(buffer, &value); // 回调业务翻译方法
				sendto(_sockfd, value.c_str(), value.size(), 0,
					(struct sockaddr*)&peer, len);
			}
		}
	}
	~UdpServer()
	{
	}
private:
	// std::string _ip; // 后面要调整
	uint16_t _port;
	int _sockfd;
	func_t _func;
};Main.cc
#include "UdpServer.hpp"
#include "Comm.hpp"
#include "Dict.hpp"
#include <memory>
void Usage(std::string proc)
{
	std::cout << "Usage : \n\t" << proc << " local_port\n" <<
		std::endl;
}
Dict gdict("./dict.txt");
void Execute(const std::string& req, std::string* resp)
{
	*resp = gdict.Translate(req);
}
// ./udp_server 8888
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	if (argc != 2)
	{
		Usage(argv[0]);
		return Usage_Err;
	}
	// std::string ip = argv[1];
	uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[1]);
	std::unique_ptr<UdpServer> usvr =
		std::make_unique<UdpServer>(Execute, port);
	usvr->Init();
	usvr->Start();
	return 0;
}1.3 -> V2版本 -DictServer(封装版)
udp_socket.hpp
#pragma once
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
typedef struct sockaddr sockaddr;
typedef struct sockaddr_in sockaddr_in;
class UdpSocket 
{
public:
	UdpSocket() : fd_(-1) 
	{
	}
	bool Socket() 
	{
		fd_ = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
		if (fd_ < 0) 
		{
			perror("socket");
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
	bool Close() 
	{
		close(fd_);
		return true;
	}
	bool Bind(const std::string& ip, uint16_t port) 
	{
		sockaddr_in addr;
		addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
		addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip.c_str());
		addr.sin_port = htons(port);
		int ret = bind(fd_, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
		if (ret < 0) 
		{
			perror("bind");
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
	bool RecvFrom(std::string* buf, std::string* ip = NULL,
		uint16_t* port = NULL) 
	{
		char tmp[1024 * 10] = { 0 };
		sockaddr_in peer;
		socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
		ssize_t read_size = recvfrom(fd_, tmp,
			sizeof(tmp) - 1, 0,
			(sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
		if (read_size < 0) 
		{
			perror("recvfrom");
			return false;
		}
		// 将读到的缓冲区内容放到输出参数中
		buf->assign(tmp, read_size);
		if (ip != NULL) 
		{
			*ip = inet_ntoa(peer.sin_addr);
		}
		if (port != NULL) 
		{
			*port = ntohs(peer.sin_port);
		}
		return true;
	}
	bool SendTo(const std::string& buf, const std::string& ip,
		uint16_t port) 
	{
		sockaddr_in addr;
		addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
		addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip.c_str());
		addr.sin_port = htons(port);
		ssize_t write_size = sendto(fd_, buf.data(), buf.size(), 0,
			(sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
		if (write_size < 0) 
		{
			perror("sendto");
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
private:
	int fd_;
};UDP通用服务器
udp_server.hpp
#pragma once
#include "udp_socket.hpp"
// C 式写法
// typedef void (*Handler)(const std::string& req, std::string*resp);
// C++ 11 式写法, 能够兼容函数指针, 仿函数, 和 lambda
#include <functional>
typedef std::function<void(const std::string&, std::string*
	resp)> Handler;
class UdpServer 
{
public:
	UdpServer() 
	{
		assert(sock_.Socket());
	}
	~UdpServer() 
	{
		sock_.Close();
	}
	bool Start(const std::string& ip, uint16_t port, Handler
		handler) 
	{
		// 1. 创建 socket
		// 2. 绑定端口号
		bool ret = sock_.Bind(ip, port);
		if (!ret) 
		{
			return false;
		}
		// 3. 进入事件循环
		for (;;) 
		{
			// 4. 尝试读取请求
			std::string req;
			std::string remote_ip;
			uint16_t remote_port = 0;
			bool ret = sock_.RecvFrom(&req, &remote_ip, &remote_port);
			if (!ret) 
			{
				continue;
			}
			std::string resp;
			// 5. 根据请求计算响应
			handler(req, &resp);
			// 6. 返回响应给客户端
			sock_.SendTo(resp, remote_ip, remote_port);
			printf("[%s:%d] req: %s, resp: %s\n", remote_ip.c_str(),
				remote_port,
				req.c_str(), resp.c_str());
		}
		sock_.Close();
		return true;
	}
private:
	UdpSocket sock_;
};实现英译汉服务器
以上代码是对udp服务器进行通用接口的封装。基于以上封装,实现一个查字典的服务器就很容易了。
dict_server.cc
#include "udp_server.hpp"
#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> g_dict;
void Translate(const std::string& req, std::string* resp) 
{
	auto it = g_dict.find(req);
	if (it == g_dict.end()) 
	{
		*resp = "未查到!";
		return;
	}
	*resp = it->second;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) 
{
	if (argc != 3) 
	{
		printf("Usage ./dict_server [ip] [port]\n");
		return 1;
	}
	// 1. 数据初始化
	g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("hello", "你好"));
	g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("world", "世界"));
	g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("c++", "最好的编程语言"));
	g_dict.insert(std::make_pair("bit", "特别 NB"));
	// 2. 启动服务器
	UdpServer server;
	server.Start(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]), Translate);
	return 0;
}UDP通用客户端
udp_client.hpp
#pragma once
#include "udp_socket.hpp"
class UdpClient 
{
public:
	UdpClient(const std::string& ip, uint16_t port) : ip_(ip),
		port_(port) 
	{
		assert(sock_.Socket());
	}
	~UdpClient() 
	{
		sock_.Close();
	}
	bool RecvFrom(std::string* buf) 
	{
		return sock_.RecvFrom(buf);
	}
	bool SendTo(const std::string& buf) 
	{
		return sock_.SendTo(buf, ip_, port_);
	}
private:
	UdpSocket sock_;
	// 服务器端的 IP 和 端口号
	std::string ip_;
	uint16_t port_;
};实现英译汉客户端
#include "udp_client.hpp"
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) 
{
	if (argc != 3) 
	{
		printf("Usage ./dict_client [ip] [port]\n");
		return 1;
	}
	UdpClient client(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]));
	for (;;) 
	{
		std::string word;
		std::cout << "请输入您要查的单词: ";
		std::cin >> word;
		if (!std::cin) 
		{
			std::cout << "Good Bye" << std::endl;
			break;
		}
		client.SendTo(word);
		std::string result;
		client.RecvFrom(&result);
		std::cout << word << " 意思是 " << result << std::endl;
	}
	return 0;
}感谢各位大佬支持!!!
互三啦!!!



















