方式一：

<template>
        <el-form ref="ruleFormRef" :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" label-width="120px" class="model-ruleForm"
            :size="formSize" status-icon label-position="top">
            <el-form-item label="字段" required style="margin-bottom: 0"></el-form-item>
            <el-form-item class="fields-container">
                <el-form-item style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 5px">
                    <el-col :span="2">序号</el-col><el-col :span="6">显示名称</el-col><el-col :span="1"></el-col><el-col
                        :span="6">字段名</el-col><el-col :span="1"></el-col><el-col :span="6">字段类型</el-col><el-col
                        :span="2" style="text-align: right">操作</el-col>
                </el-form-item>
                <el-form-item required v-for="(field, index) in ruleForm.fields" :key="field.key"
                    style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px">
                    <el-col :span="2">{{ index + 1 }}</el-col>
                    <el-col :span="6">
                        <el-form-item :prop="'fields.' + index + '.fieldChineseName'" :rules="[
                            {
                                required: true,
                                message: '请输入显示名',
                                trigger: 'blur',
                            },
                        ]">
                            <el-input v-model="field.fieldChineseName" placeholder="显示名" />
                        </el-form-item>
                    </el-col>
                    <el-col :span="1"></el-col>
                    <el-col class="text-center" :span="6">
                        <el-form-item :prop="'fields.' + index + '.fieldEnglishName'" :rules="[
                            {
                                required: true,
                                message: '请输入字段名',
                                trigger: 'blur',
                            },
                        ]">
                            <el-input v-model="field.fieldEnglishName" placeholder="字段名" />
                        </el-form-item>
                    </el-col>
                    <el-col :span="1"></el-col>
                    <el-col :span="6">
                        <el-form-item :prop="'fields.' + index + '.fieldType'" :rules="[
                            {
                                required: true,
                                message: '请选择类型',
                                trigger: 'change',
                            },
                        ]">
                            <el-select v-model="field.fieldType" placeholder="字段类型">
                                <el-option label="单行文本" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="多行文本" value="beijing" />
                                <el-option label="下拉框" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="计数器" value="beijing" />
                                <el-option label="开关" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="日期" value="beijing" />
                                <el-option label="固定时间" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="任意时间" value="beijing" />
                                <el-option label="单选" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="多选" value="beijing" />
                                <el-option label="图片" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="文件" value="beijing" />
                                <el-option label="图标选择" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="描述框" value="beijing" />
                                <el-option label="链接" value="shanghai" />
                                <el-option label="网页" value="beijing" />
                            </el-select>
                        </el-form-item>
                    </el-col>
                    <el-col :span="2"><svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" @click.prevent="removeField(field)"
                            style="float: right; cursor: pointer">
                            <use xlink:href="#icon-minus_full"></use>
                        </svg></el-col>
                </el-form-item>
                <el-form-item style="width: 100%;">
                    <el-col :span="2"></el-col>
                    <el-col :span="22" style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
                        <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" @click.prevent="addField"
                            style="float: right; cursor: pointer">
                            <use xlink:href="#icon-xinzeng"></use>
                        </svg>
                        <el-button type="primary" link @click="addField">新增</el-button>
                    </el-col>
                </el-form-item>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item>                
                <el-button @click="resetForm(ruleFormRef)" size="small">重置</el-button>
                <el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm(ruleFormRef)" size="small">提交</el-button></el-form-item>
        </el-form>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, reactive, defineExpose } from "vue";
const ruleFormRef = ref();

const ruleForm = reactive({
    fields: [
        {
            key: 1,
            value: "",
            fieldChineseName: "",
            fieldEnglishName: "",
            fieldType: "",
        },
    ],
});

const removeField = (item) => {
    const index = ruleForm.fields.indexOf(item);
    if (index !== -1) {
        ruleForm.fields.splice(index, 1);
    }
};

const addField = () => {
    ruleForm.fields.push({
        key: Date.now(),
        value: "",
        fieldChineseName: "",
        fieldEnglishName: "",
        fieldType: "",
    });
};

const submitForm = async (formEl) => {
    if (!formEl) return;
    await formEl.validate((valid, fields) => {
        if (valid) {
            console.log("ruleForm!");
            console.log(ruleForm);
        } else {
            console.log("error submit!", fields);
        }
    });
};

const resetForm = (formEl) => {
    if (!formEl) return;
    formEl.resetFields();
};
</script>

<style lang="less" scoped>
.fields-container {
    background: rgb(245, 246, 247);
    padding: 10px 20px;
}

.fields-container /deep/ .el-input__wrapper {
    background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}

.fields-container /deep/ .el-select__wrapper{
    box-shadow: none !important;
}

.dialog-footer button:first-child {
    margin-right: 10px;
}

.model-ruleForm /deep/ .el-form-item__error {
    left: auto !important;
    right: 45px !important;
    top: 40% !important;
}
</style>

方式二：

<template>
  <el-form ref="formName" :model="studentData">
    <el-table :data="studentData.studentList" stripe>
      <el-table-column label="姓名" align="left">
        <template slot-scope="scope">
          <el-form-item
            size="small"
            :prop="'studentList.' + scope.$index + '.name'"
            :rules="rules.name"
          >
            <el-input v-model="scope.row.name" placeholder="请输入姓名" />
          </el-form-item>
        </template>
      </el-table-column>

      <el-table-column label="性别">
        <template slot-scope="scope">
          <el-form-item
            size="small"
            :prop="'studentList.' + scope.$index + '.sex'"
            :rules="rules.sex"
          >
            <el-select v-model="scope.row.sex" placeholder="请选择性别">
              <el-option label="男" value="1"></el-option>
              <el-option label="女" value="0"></el-option>
            </el-select>
          </el-form-item>
        </template>
      </el-table-column>

      <el-table-column label="操作">
        <template slot-scope="scope">
          <el-button
            type="text"
            id="delete-btn"
            @click="deleteRow(scope.row, scope.$index)"
            >删除</el-button
          >
        </template>
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
    <div style="margin: 20px; text-align: right">
      <el-button @click="addRow" size="small">新增</el-button>
      <el-button @click="saveData('formName')" size="small">确定</el-button>
    </div>
  </el-form>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      studentData: {
        studentList: [
          {
            name: "王小虎",
            sex: "男",
          },
          {
            name: "Linda",
            sex: "女",
          },
        ],
      },
      //验证规则
      rules: {
        name: [
          {
            required: true,
            message: "请输入姓名",
            trigger: ["blur", "change"],
          },
        ],
        sex: [
          {
            required: true,
            message: "请选择性别",
            trigger: ["blur", "change"],
          },
        ],
      },
    };
  },
  methods: {
    // 添加一行
    addRow() {
      const item = {
        name: "",
        sex: "",
      };
      this.studentData.studentList.push(item);
    },
    // 删除一行
    deleteRow(row, index) {
      this.studentData.studentList.splice(index, 1);
    },
    saveData(formName) {
      this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
        if (valid) {
          alert("submit!");
        } else {
          console.log("error submit!!");
          return false;
        }
      });
    },
  },
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.el-form {
  width: 60%;
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid gainsboro;
}
/deep/ .el-input {
  width: 100%;
}
</style>

效果

点击新增，table新增一行，点击删除，删除所在行。若验证不通过，点击“确定”，提示如下图