顾名思义就是元素为指针的数组,如定义一个 char *类型的指针数组:
char *strName[] = {
"123",
"456",
"789",
"abc",
"def"
};
如果是这样初始化的指针数组,c++编译是会抛出警告信息的:
因为用了字符串常量进行初始化,所以是不可被修改的,所以定义时需要加上 const:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char *strName[] = {
"123",
"456",
"789",
"abc",
"def"
};
int main()
{
printf("strName[1] = %s\n", strName[1]);
printf("*strName = %s\n", *strName);
printf("*strName+1 = %s\n", *strName+1);
printf("sizeof strName[2] = %lu\n", sizeof(strName[2]));
return 0;
}
*strName 是解引用,所以输出是 “123” ,而 *strName + 1 为什么输出是 “23” 呢?因为在 *strName 解引用后它的类型是 char*,+1 后即挪动一个 char 长度,指向了“123”中的“2”位置,其实它跟 “123” + 1 的效果是一样的:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
const char *strName[] = {
"123",
"456",
"789",
"abc",
"def"
};
int main()
{
printf("strName[1] = %s\n", strName[1]);
printf("*strName = %s\n", *strName);
printf("*strName+1 = %s\n", *strName+1);
printf("\"123\"+1 = %s\n", "123"+1);
printf("sizeof strName[2] = %lu\n", sizeof(strName[2]));
return 0;
}
如果不用字符串常量初始化,也是可以手动申请内存的,但定义是就不能用const了,如:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char *strName[3];
int main()
{
char buf[16];
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
strName[i] = new char[16];
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "test_%d", i * 10);
strncpy(strName[i], buf, 15);
}
printf("strName[1] = %s\n", strName[1]);
printf("*strName = %s\n", *strName);
printf("*strName+1 = %s\n", *strName+1);
printf("sizeof strName[2] = %lu\n", sizeof(strName[2]));
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
if(strName[i])
{
delete strName[i];
}
}
return 0;
}