分支管理

news2024/9/21 18:38:39

创建分支

切换分支

合并分支

删除分支

合并冲突

创建分支

git branch [分支]指令

创建新的分⽀后，Git 新建了⼀个指针叫dev， * 表⽰当前 HEAD 指向的分⽀是 master 分⽀。另外，可以通过⽬录结构发现，新的 dev 分⽀：

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch dev
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch
  dev
* master

切换分支

git checkout [分支]指令

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch
  dev
* master
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git checkout dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch
* dev
  master

合并分支

master和dev指向的不一样

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git checkout dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ vim file
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git add file
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git commit -m "file"
[dev 04534e7] file
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
hello world
hello git
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
hello world

此时需要切换至mater分支，使用git merge [分支]指令，合并dev和master分支

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
hello world
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git merge dev
Updating da0ae2d..04534e7
Fast-forward
 file | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
hello world
hello git

删除分支

合并完成后, dev 分⽀对于我们来说就没⽤了，那么dev分⽀就可以被删除掉，注意如果当前正处于某分⽀下，就不能删除当前分⽀

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch
  dev
* master
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch -d dev
Deleted branch dev (was 04534e7).
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch
* master

合并冲突

在实际分⽀合并的时候，并不是想合并就能合并成功的，有时候可能会遇到代码冲突的问题。为了演⽰这问题，创建⼀个新的分⽀ dev1 ，并切换⾄⽬标分⽀，我们可以使⽤ git checkout - b dev1 ⼀步完成创建并切换的动作，⽰例如下：

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git checkout master
D	file1
Switched to branch 'master'
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
hello git
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch
  dev
* master
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git checkout dev
D	file1
Switched to branch 'dev'
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git branch
* dev
  master
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
hello world

发现file⽂件有冲突后，可以直接查看⽂件内容，要说的是 Git 会⽤ <<<<<<<，=======，

>>>>>>> 来标记出不同分⽀的冲突内容，如下所⽰：

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git merge dev
Auto-merging file
CONFLICT (add/add): Merge conflict in file
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
<<<<<<< HEAD
hello git
=======
hello world
>>>>>>> dev

此时我们必须要⼿动调整冲突代码，并需要再次提交修正后的结果！！

[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ vim file
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git add file
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ git commit -m "file"
[master c3de9f5] file
[paper@VM-16-16-centos ~]$ cat file
hello world