GEE数据集：美国国家结构清单（NSI）用于评估和分析自然灾害的点式结构清单

简介

国家结构清单

国家结构清单（NSI）是一个数据库系统，其中包含不同质量和空间覆盖范围的结构清单。 NSI 数据库的目的是促进存储和共享用于评估和分析自然灾害的点式结构清单。洪水风险是主要用途，但每个结构都有足够的数据来计算其他危害类型造成的损失和生命安全风险。本文件介绍了国家结构清单数据结构以及生成 2022 年国家结构清单基础数据的过程。国家结构清单基础图层由美国陆军工程兵部队（USACE）创建和维护。创建美国陆军工程兵部队基础数据层是为了简化美国陆军工程兵部队建模制图和后果中心的 GIS 预处理工作流程，但该数据已在美国陆军工程兵部队、联邦紧急事务管理局和其他机构的各种应用中得到使用。 NSI 是一个具有结构化 RESTful API 服务的点结构清单存储库，清单包含一系列描述清单中每个点的必备属性或字段。

数据集说明

空间信息

国家结构清单（NSI）涉及管理和分析结构的几个关键过程：结构定位和聚合：最初，结构位置是基于源数据（如地块中心点或企业地址）确定的。 NSI 生成器通过将建筑物与同一地块内的建筑物脚印对齐来完善这些位置。原地块外的商业建筑将根据距离和使用代码的相似性进行重新定位。在所有占地面积匹配之前，将建筑物放置在未匹配的占地面积内。堆叠结构根据其占用类型进行部分或全部合并，如果是堆叠结构，则将住宅单元合并为多户结构。商业建筑只有在具有相同的占用类型和相似的特征（如层数和建筑材料）时才会被合并。人口分布： NSI-2022 利用 2010 年街区信息和 2020 年县数据估算出 2020 年的人口水平。这些人口根据住房单元和街区估算值分配到各建筑中。对于商业建筑，工人人口估计数来自美国人口普查局的 LEHD 数据库。建筑估值：结构的折旧重置价值根据每平方英尺一美元的标准估算，前 20 年的折旧率为每年 1%。内含价值是根据与占用类型相关的特定比率计算得出的。

变量

Field Name	Description	Attribute Type	Limits
fd_id	A number that should be unique for all structures.	Integer
bid	A building ID, represented as the centroid (in grid reference system format) and four cardinal extents.	String
x	X coordinate of each structure in the Geographic Coordinate System (GCS) WGS84.	Double
y	Y coordinate of each structure in GCS WGS84.	Double
cbfips	Census Block that contains the structure. Currently, the NSI refers to 2010 census blocks.	String	15 Characters
st_damcat	Damage category of the structure. Aggregated categories include Residential, Commercial, Industrial, or Public.	String
occtype	Damage Function or Occupancy Type of the structure, related to depth-damage relationships.	String
bldgtype	Building type of the structure (e.g., Masonry, Wood, Manufactured, Steel).	String
source	The source of the initial iteration of the structure (e.g., Parcel, ESRI, HIFLD).	String
sqft	Estimated square footage of the structure.	Double
ftprntid	Identifier of the building footprint record used for estimating fields such as sqft and num_story.	String
ftprntsrc	The source of the utilized footprint (e.g., Bing, Oak Ridge National Labs, NGA).	String
found_type	Type of foundation (e.g., Crawl, Basement, Slab, Pier).	String
found_ht	Foundation height of the structure in feet from the ground elevation.	Double
num_story	The number of stories of the structure.	Double
val_struct	Value in dollars of the structure. The base NSI estimates depreciated replacement value.	Double
val_cont	Value in dollars of the contents of the structure.	Double
val_vehic	Value in dollars of the cars at the structure.	Double
med_yr_blt	Median year built of structures within the Census Block.	Integer
pop2amu65	Population at night for people under the age of 65.	Integer
pop2amo65	Population at night for people over the age of 65.	Integer
pop2pmu65	Population during the day for people under the age of 65.	Integer
pop2pmo65	Population during the day for people over the age of 65.	Integer
students	Number of students attending the school as estimated by NCES data.	Integer
o65disable	Percent of the county population over the age of 65 with an ambulatory disability.	Double
u65siable	Percent of the county population under the age of 65 with an ambulatory disability.	Double
firmzone	Estimated 2021 flood zone for the structure.	String
grnd_elv_m	Ground elevation (in meters, NAVD88) at the structure.	Double
ground_elv	Ground elevation (in feet, NAVD88) at the structure.	Double

占用类型

占用类型有助于确定结构估值和损坏标准。它们是根据联邦紧急事务管理局的定义进一步分类的。

Damage Category	Occupancy Type Name	Description	Content to Structure Value Ratio
Residential	RES1-1SNB	Single Family Residential, 1 story, no basement	0.5
Residential	RES1-1SWB	Single Family Residential, 1 story, with basement	0.5
Residential	RES1-2SNB	Single Family Residential, 2 story, no basement	0.5
Residential	RES1-2SWB	Single Family Residential, 2 story, with basement	0.5
Residential	RES1-3SNB	Single Family Residential, 3 story, no basement	0.5
Residential	RES1-3SWB	Single Family Residential, 3 story, with basement	0.5
Residential	RES1-SLNB	Single Family Residential, split-level, no basement	0.5
Residential	RES1-SLWB	Single Family Residential, split-level, with basement	0.5
Residential	RES2	Manufactured Home	0.5
Residential	RES3A	Multi-Family housing 2 units	0.5
Residential	RES3B	Multi-Family housing 3-4 units	0.5
Residential	RES3C	Multi-Family housing 5-10 units	0.5
Residential	RES3D	Multi-Family housing 10-19 units	0.5
Residential	RES3E	Multi-Family housing 20-50 units	0.5
Residential	RES3F	Multi-Family housing 50 plus units	0.5
Commercial	COM1	Light Commercial, Office, Retail	1.0
Commercial	COM2	General Commercial	1.0
Commercial	COM3	Heavy Commercial, Manufacturing	1.0
Commercial	COM4	Industrial	1.0
Public	PUB1	Institutional	1.0
Public	PUB2	Education	1.0
Public	PUB3	Healthcare	1.0
Public	PUB4	Government	1.0

主要数据资源

Source	Database	Dataset	Description
HAZUS	Bndrygbs.mdb	hzCensusBlock	Provides the structure building schemes and block type.
		flSchemeCoastal, flSchemeRiverine, flSchemeGLakes	Provides information on foundation type and height.
	MSH.mdb	flGenBldgScheme	Provides the construction type distributions and NFIP entry year for structures.
USACE	NSI 2015	Base layer	Used in any Census Block that lacks ESRI or CoreLogic data.
Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data	Lightbox	County Level Data	Parcel polygons and associated data tables; used for initial spatial location and occupancy type, and may influence structure attributes (square feet, foundation type, etc) of single-family structures.
		Nursing Home	Point data indicating the presence of a nursing home and its number of beds.
		Hospital	Point data indicating the presence of a hospital and its number of beds.
		Mobile Home	Point data indicating the presence of a mobile home park and the number of units associated with the park (either exact units, or a range).
		Map Building Layer	Nationwide building footprint parcel. Largely restricted to central business districts. Often indicating the height of the building to the nearest meter. Used to improve structure locations, square foot estimates and number of stories estimates.
Esri	Business Layer	InfoGroup	Provides initial structure location; NAICS code informs occupancy type and the number of employee field influences population weighting and square footage estimates.
Microsoft	Building Footprints	State level polygons	Paired with parcel polygons to improve structure location and to inform structure aggregation and square footage estimates.
FEMA Geospatial Resource Center	USA Structures	State level polygons	Includes both ORNL and NGA generated footprint polygons. Paired with parcel polygons to improve structure location and to inform structure aggregation and square footage estimates. NGA based footprints include heights in meters and help inform number of stories estimates.
U.S. Census Bureau	American Community Survey	Population, Demographics	Informs population growth estimates, disability rates, and age distribution.
	Characteristics of New Housing	Annual, Various	Provides structure characteristic data such as number of stories and square feet.
	Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamic Database	Population Data	Contains worker counts by origin and destination census blocks. Used to decrease residential populations (primarily in the day) and to create a population pool for commercial workers.
NCES	Schools Database	School Data	Contains the locations of schools, number of teachers and students per school.
U.S. Geological Survey	National Elevation Dataset	10 Meter Dataset	Provides raster ground elevation data

代码

var nsi_wy = ee.FeatureCollection('projects/sat-io/open-datasets/NSI/nsi_2022_WY');

代码链接

https://code.earthengine.google.com/?scriptPath=users/sat-io/awesome-gee-catalog-examples:global-utilities-assets-amenities/NSI

结果

引用

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Year). National Structure Inventory (NSI) Base Data. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. URL or DOI.

许可

美国陆军工程兵部队 (USACE) 的国家结构清单 (NSI) 具有允许公众访问其主要字段的许可证结构，因为这些字段经过精心策划，具有限制性较小的许可证协议。由： USACE 在 GEE 中的策划：Samapriya Roy Samapriya Roy 关键词建筑物, 结构清单, 美国最后更新： 2024-08-07