输出范例给的不工整

思路及代码 

写的不优雅

分为三部分

枚举输出 n = 1-11

规律求出 n >= 12 的矩阵

输出需要的矩阵，把每一行存成一个字符串，方便左右对齐

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    //input 多组 n int 1<= <=99
    int n;
    //solution 规律如图
    int sum = 0;
    while (cin >> n){
        if (sum >= 1){
            cout << endl;
        }
        sum++;
    //edge case:1-11
        if (1 <= n && n<= 11){
                   switch(n){
                       case 1:
                           cout << 1 << endl;
                           break;
                       case 2:
                           cout << 1 << endl << 2 <<endl;
                           break;
                       case 3:
                           cout << 1 << endl << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl;
                           break;
                       case 4:
                           cout << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl;
                           break;
                       case 5:
                           cout << ' ' << ' ' << 5 << endl << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << 2 << ' ' << 3 <<endl;
                           break;
                       case 6:
                           cout << 6 << ' ' << 5 << endl << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl;
                           break;
                       case 7:
                           cout << 7 << ' ' << 6 << ' ' << 5 << endl << ' ' << ' ' << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << ' ' << ' ' << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl;
                           break;
                       case 8:
                           cout << 7 << ' ' << 6 << ' ' << 5 << endl << 8 << ' ' << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << ' ' << ' ' << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl;
                           break;
                       case 9:
                           cout << 7 << ' ' << 6 << ' ' << 5 << endl << 8 << ' ' << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << 9 << ' ' << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl;
                           break;
                       case 10:
                           cout << ' ' << 7 << ' ' << 6 << ' ' << 5 << endl << ' ' << 8 << ' ' << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << ' ' << 9 << ' ' << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl << 10 << endl;
                           break;
                       default:
                           cout << ' ' << 7 << ' ' << ' ' << 6 << ' ' << 5 << endl << ' ' << 8 << ' ' << ' ' << 1 << ' ' << 4 << endl << ' ' << 9 << ' ' << ' ' << 2 << ' ' << 3 << endl << 10 << ' ' << 11 << endl;
                   }
                   continue;
               }
        //normal case:
        int flag = 1;
        int t = 1;
        int i = 4;
        int j = 4;
        string list[10][10];
        list[4][4] = to_string(t);
        while (t < n){
            if (flag%2 == 1){
                for (int k = 1; k <= flag; k++){
                    i++;
                    if( t+1 <= n){
                        list[i][j] = to_string(++t);
                    }else{
                        break;
                    }
                }
                for (int k = 1; k <= flag; k++){
                    j++;
                    if( t+1 <= n){
                        list[i][j] = to_string(++t);
                    }else{
                        break;
                    }
                }
                flag++;
            }else{
                for (int k = 1; k <= flag; k++){
                    i--;
                    if( t+1 <= n){
                        list[i][j] = to_string(++t);
                    }else{
                        break;
                    }
                }
                for (int k = 1; k <= flag; k++){
                    j--;
                    if( t+1 <= n){
                        list[i][j] = to_string(++t);
                    }else{
                        break;
                    }
                }
                flag++;
            }
            
        }
        //output anslist[]
        string anslist[10];
        for(int row = 0; row <= 9; row++){
            for (int col = 0; col <= 9; col++){
                if (list[row][col] != ""){
                    if (stoi(list[row][col]) <= 9){
                        anslist[row] += " " + list[row][col] + " ";
                    }else if ((list[row][col+1] == "" && col+1 <= 9) || col == 9){
                        anslist[row] += list[row][col];
                    }else{
                        anslist[row] += list[row][col] + " ";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        int max_len = 0;
        for (string ele: anslist){
            max_len = (int)ele.length() > max_len ? (int) ele.length() : max_len;
        }
        //偶数右对齐
        if((int)sqrt(n)%2 == 0){
            for (string ele: anslist){
                if(ele != ""){
                    cout << setw(max_len) << setfill(' ') << ele << endl;
                }
            }
        }else{ //奇数左对齐
            for (string ele: anslist){
                if(ele != ""){
                    cout << ele << endl;
                }
            }
        } 
    } 
    return 0;
}

参考：1️⃣ C/C++中string和int相互转换的常用方法_string转int-CSDN博客

2️⃣ 【DHUOJ】进阶59_明明在上学的时候,参加数学兴趣班。在班上,老师介绍了一种非常有趣的阵列。 该阵-CSDN博客

3️⃣ C++string与int的相互转换（使用C++11）_c++ string转int-CSDN博客

4️⃣ C++中求string类型字符串的长度的方法_string的长度c++-CSDN博客

5️⃣ https://bbs.csdn.net/topics/190135371

 收获：

1️⃣string转 int to_string(...)

int 转 string 头文件 string 函数 stoi(...)

2️⃣复习 string 类长度 name.length() long 类型

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