一、环境准备
本章将通过手把手的教程一步一步教你如何从零开发一个微服务应用。
首先需要安装好 nacos 服务并启动。安装 nacos 服务请看作者的 【nacos 第一篇章】安装一下 nacos 文章。
二、初始化项目
如上图所示，可以建立一个基础的项目。
搭建了基础项目之后，我们还需要创建 springboot-dubbo-nacos-interface 、springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider 和 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer 三个子模块。
1、开始创建第一个子工程，这个是所有创建子工程的选择的地方
2、开始创建 springboot-dubbo-nacos-interface 工程
3、开始创建 springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider 工程
参照 interface 工程的方式，创建 provider 子工程。
4、开始创建 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer 工程
参照 interface 工程的方式，创建 consumer 子工程。
三、创建相关目录，根据下面的方式创建包，并且查看创建完成的项目结构
创建了三个子模块之后，需要创建一下几个包（package）：
-
在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer/src/main/java 下创建 org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.consumer
-
在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-interface/src/main/java 下创建 org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo
-
在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider/src/main/java 下创建 org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.provider
四、添加 maven 依赖
首先，在 springboot-dubbo-nacos 目录下的 pom.xml 配置以下信息，配置完成之后记得刷新一下 maven 配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-nacos</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<modules>
<module>springboot-dubbo-nacos-interface</module>
<module>springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider</module>
<module>springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<dubbo.version>3.2.0-beta.4</dubbo.version>
<nacos.version>0.3.0-RC</nacos.version>
<spring-boot.version>2.7.8</spring-boot.version>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Boot -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-bom</artifactId>
<version>${dubbo.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-config-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${nacos.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>1.0.11</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.7.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
然后在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer 和 springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider 两个模块 pom.xml 中进行具体依赖的配置。
首先配置 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer/pom.xml 文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-nacos</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-nacos-interface</artifactId>
<version>${project.parent.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-config-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- spring boot starter -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
然后配置 springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider/pom.xml 文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-nacos</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-nacos-interface</artifactId>
<version>${project.parent.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-config-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- spring boot starter -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
五、在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-interface 工程中定义接口
public interface DemoService {
String sayHello(String name);
}
六、在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider 实现接口
package org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.provider;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
import org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.DemoService;
@DubboService
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
@Override
public String sayHello(String name) {
return "My Name Is " + name + "Provider";
}
}
七、在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider 配置 application.yml 文件
dubbo:
application:
name: springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider
protocol:
name: dubbo
port: -1 # -1 表示自动分配端口
registry:
address: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848
八、在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-provider 配置核心启动类，并启动服务
package org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.provider;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@EnableDubbo
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
九、查看 nacos 服务中是否注册成功
十、在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer 配置 application.yml 文件
server:
port: 8888
dubbo:
application:
name: springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer
protocol:
name: dubbo
port: -1 # -1 表示自动分配端口
registry:
address: nacos://${nacos.address:127.0.0.1}:8848
十一、在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer 配置核心启动类
package org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.consumer;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@EnableDubbo
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
十二、在 springboot-dubbo-nacos-consumer 创建 DemoController 类
package org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.consumer;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboReference;
import org.apache.dubbo.springboot.demo.DemoService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/demo")
public class DemoController {
@DubboReference
private DemoService demoService;
@GetMapping("/sayHello")
public String sayHello(String name) {
return demoService.sayHello(name);
}
}
十三、访问请求验证结果
在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8888/demo/sayHello?name=测试。能看到正确的响应结果。
