一、socat 工具
dnf install socat -y
#查看帮助文档
echo "help" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#查看参数
echo "show info" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#查看服务状态
echo "show servers state" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stat
#查看权重
echo "get weight webcluster/web1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#更改权重
echo "set weight webcluster/web1 2" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
基本实验:
环境准备:
需要三台虚拟机:
rhel9克隆:haproxy(172.25.254.100)、webserver1(172.25.254.10)、webserver2(172.25.254.20)
见上个文档,可在上个文档实验的基础上进行操作
haproxy是什么?以及haproxy基础实验-CSDN博客
实验步骤:
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[root@haproxy ~]# ll /var/lib/haproxy/stats
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Aug 9 11:11 /var/lib/haproxy/stats
[root@haproxy ~]#
[root@haproxy ~]# dnf install socat -y
#查看帮助文档
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "help" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#查看信息
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "show info" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#查看服务状态
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "show servers state" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#查看权重
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "get weight webcluster/web1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
2 (initial 2)
#更改权重
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "set weight webcluster/web1 1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#禁止web1
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "disable server webcluster/web1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#启动web1
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "enable server webcluster/web1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#多进程实验
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
[root@haproxy ~]# ll /var/lib/haproxy/
total 0
srw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 9 11:51 stats
srw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 9 11:56 stats1
srw------- 1 root root 0 Aug 9 11:56 stats2
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "show info" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats #因为没有使用stats,所以查不到信息
2024/08/09 12:00:04 socat[2544] E connect(5, AF=1 "/var/lib/haproxy/stats", 24): Connection refused
[root@haproxy ~]# echo "show info" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats1
测试:
#这是权重为2的轮询
[root@webserver1 ~]# for i in {1..10}
> do
> curl 172.25.254.100
> done
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
#这是修改权重后,权重为1的轮询
[root@webserver1 ~]# for i in {1..10}; do curl 172.25.254.100; done
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
#这是禁用web1的轮询
[root@webserver1 ~]# for i in {1..10}; do curl 172.25.254.100; done
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
#这是启动web1的轮询
[root@webserver1 ~]# for i in {1..10}; do curl 172.25.254.100; done
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
webserver2 - 172.25.254.20
webserver1 - 172.25.254.10
#多进程实验
er
二、haproxy算法
1. 静态
static-rr cp/http #不管后端
first tcp/http
2. 动态
roundrobin tcp/http
leastconn tcp/http #谁链接少,权重高,就给谁
random tcp/http
3. 以下静态和动态取决于 hash_type 是否 consistent
source tcp/http
Uri http #访问地址内容进行hash
url_ param http #对动作请求进行hash
hdr http #对报文头进行hash
2.1 静态算法
static-rr
支持权重,不支持调整权重
步骤:
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
测试:
前后对比
first
2.2 动态算法
roundrobin
步骤:
[ root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[ root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
[ root@haproxy ~]# echo "get weight webcluster/web1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
[ root@haproxy ~]# echo "set weight webcluster/web1 1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
[ root@haproxy ~]# echo "get weight webcluster/web1" | socat stdio /var/lib/haproxy/stats
测试:
set前后对比
leastconn
2.3 其他算法
source
(balance source)静态
步骤:
map-base 取模法
通过取模的结果访问主机(当权重都为1时,几台机子取模就取几)(当其中一台机器的权重变化后,导致会话丢失,解决该方法使用hash一致性)
hash一致性
hash算法(动态)
步骤:
[ root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[ root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
[ root@haproxy ~]# echo "set weight webcluster/web1 1" | socat stdio /var/1ib/haproxy/stats
Backend is using a static LB algorithm and only accepts weights ' 0% ' and ' 100% '
#前后对比
[ root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[ root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
[ root@haproxy ~]# echo "set weight webcluster/web1 1" | socat stdio /var/Lib/haproxy/stats
uri
默认是静态算法
?前,向服务器传递的指令
?后,指令的目标,字段
#后面,为片段
uri取模法
uri不变,访问的地址也就不变,不会根据轮询效果来
步骤:
[ root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[ root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
[ root@webserver1 ~]# echo 172.25.254.10 - index1.html > /usr/share/nginx/html/index1.html
[ root@webserver1 ~]# echo 172.25.254.10 - index2.html > /usr/share/nginx/html/index2.html
[ root@webserver1 ~]# echo 172.25.254.10 - index3.html > /usr/share/nginx/html/index3.html
[ root@webserver2 ~]# echo 172.25.254.20 - index1.html > /usr/share/nginx/html/index1.html
[ root@webserver2 ~]# echo 172.25.254.20 - index2.html > /usr/share/nginx/html/index2.html
[ root@webserver2 ~]# echo 172.25.254.20 - index3.html > /usr/share/nginx/html/index3.html
测试:
两台web设置一个index1和设置三个的前后对比:
url_param一致性
测试结果
不使用数字,会导致(与取模的数字冲突)出问题
链接问题,会断开变化主机IP
同一个name,就返回同一个IP
hdr
步骤:
结果:
三、状态页测试实验