目录

实现过程：

运行结果：

---

从三个模块来实现图书管理系统：书本、用户、实现的功能

实现过程：

首先在Book包下定义一个book类，包含书名、作者、价格、类型、是否借出成员变量。

这些成员变量都是私有的，因此需要构建get和set方法，为外部提供访问权限。

Book类:

package Book;

public class Book {
    //私有的
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;

    //提供构造方法
    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    //因为成员变量是private类型，需要提供get和set为外部提供访问权限
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;

    }

    //后续会对书进行打印
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ((isBorrowed == true) ? "已借出" : "未借出") +
//                ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
                '}';
    }
}

然后构建一个类似于书架的功能，创建一个书的数组，并为私有成员变量提供set和get方法。

BookList类:

package Book;

public class BookList {
    private Book[] books = new Book[10];//书的数组
    private int usedSize;

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }

    public Book getBooks(int pos) {
        return books[pos];
    }

    public void setBooks(Book book, int pos) {
        this.books[pos] = book;
    }

    //提供构造方法
    public BookList() {
        this.books[0] = new Book("三国演义", "罗贯中", 10, "小说");
        this.books[1] = new Book("红楼梦", "曹雪芹", 10, "小说");
        this.books[2] = new Book("西游记", "吴承恩", 10, "小说");
        this.usedSize = 3;
    }
}

在User包中构建一个User抽象类，作为管理员和普通用户的父类，内部定义共同的功能。

构建一个功能数组来实现不同用户对应的不同功能。

User类:

package User;

import Book.BookList;
import Operation.Ioperation;

import java.util.Scanner;

public abstract class User {
    protected String name;
    public Ioperation[] ioperations;//创建功能数组

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract int menu();

    public static User login() {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("请输入你的名字：");
        String username = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份：1.管理员 2.普通用户");
        int userType = sc.nextInt();
        if (userType == 1) {
            return new AdminUser(username);
        } else if (userType == 2) {
            return new NormalUser(username);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public void doWork(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        this.ioperations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

AdminUser类:

package User;

import Operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdminUser extends User {

    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.ioperations = new Ioperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new ShowOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println(this.name + "," + "欢迎来到管理员菜单");
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.新增图书");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.print("请输入你的操作：");
        int choice = -1;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        choice = sc.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

NormalUser类:

package User;

import Operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User {
    public NormalUser(String username) {
        super(username);
        this.ioperations = new Ioperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
        System.out.println(this.name + "," + "欢迎来到普通用户菜单");
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.print("请输入你的操作：");
        int choice = -1;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        choice = sc.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

Operation包用来实现功能，构建一个接口对这些功能进行一个规范：

Ioperation接口:

package Operation;

import Book.BookList;

public interface Ioperation {
    public void work(BookList bookList);
}

AddOperation类：

package Operation;

import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperation implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("新增图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("请输入书的名字：");
        String bookName = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入书的作者：");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入书的类型：");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入书的价格：");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            if (bookName.equals(bookList.getBooks(i).getName())) {
                System.out.println("该本书已存在");
                return;
            }
        }
        bookList.setBooks(new Book(bookName, author, price, type), bookList.getUsedSize());
        System.out.println("新增成功！");
        bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() + 1);
    }
}

BorrowOperation类：

package Operation;

import Book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowOperation implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("请输入要借的书的名字：");
        String bookName = scanner.nextLine();
        int x = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            if (bookName.equals(bookList.getBooks(i).getName()) && !(bookList.getBooks(i).isBorrowed())) {
                bookList.getBooks(i).setBorrowed(true);
                x = 1;
                System.out.println("借阅成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
        if (x == -1) {
            System.out.println("没有该本书");
        }
    }
}

DelOperation类：

package Operation;

import Book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("请输入要删除的书的名字：");
        String bookName = scanner.nextLine();
        int x = -1, index = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            if (bookName.equals(bookList.getBooks(i).getName())) {
                x = 1;
                index = i;
                System.out.println("删除成功！");
                break;
            }
        }
        if (x == -1) {
            System.out.println("没有该本书");
        }
        for (int i = index; i < bookList.getUsedSize() - 1; i++) {
            bookList.setBooks(bookList.getBooks(i + 1), i);
        }
        bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() - 1);
        bookList.setBooks(null, bookList.getUsedSize() - 1);
        System.out.println("删除成功！");
    }
}

ExitOperation类：

package Operation;

import Book.BookList;

public class ExitOperation implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出系统！");
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

FindOperation类：

package Operation;

import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("请输入要查找的书的名字：");
        String bookName = scanner.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
            if (bookName.equals(bookList.getBooks(i).getName())) {
                System.out.print("找到该本书：");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有找到本书");
    }
}

ReturnOperation类：

package Operation;

import Book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("请输入要归还的书的名字：");
        String bookName = scanner.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            if (bookName.equals(bookList.getBooks(i).getName()) && (bookList.getBooks(i).isBorrowed())) {
                bookList.getBooks(i).setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}

ShowOperation类：

package Operation;

import Book.BookList;

public class ShowOperation implements Ioperation {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("显示图书");
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
            System.out.println(bookList.getBooks(i));
        }
    }
}

Main函数：

import Book.BookList;
import User.User;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookList bookList = new BookList();
        User user = User.login();
        BookList bookList1 = new BookList();
        while (true) {
            int choice = user.menu();
            user.doWork(choice, bookList);
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

管理员菜单：

普通用户菜单：