一.什么是串口屏
串口屏,可组态方式二次开发的智能串口控制显示屏,是指带有串口通信的TFT彩色液晶屏显示控制模组。利用显示屏显示相关数据,通过触摸屏、按键、鼠标等输入单元写入参数或者输入操作指令,进而实现用户与机器进行信息交互。
主要特点 :
通讯方式简单(线少): 串口屏只需通过几根线与主控器连接,大大简化了硬件设计和布线复杂度。
多种尺寸和分辨率可选(大屏): 从1英寸的小屏幕到20多英寸的大屏幕,可以根据应用需求选择不同的尺寸和分辨率。
内置图形库和触控驱动(能触摸): 串口屏通常内置了一些常用的图形库和触控驱动,使得开发者无需编写复杂的显示和触控代码。
易于编程(简单): 通过指令集或协议发送简单的命令即可实现丰富的显示效果,如绘制图形、显示文本、切换页面等。
强大的功能扩展: 有些高级串口屏还支持播放视频、显示动态图表、联网功能等。
缺点:
成本相对较高: 由于集成了更多功能,价格相对较高。
依赖性强: 依赖屏幕厂商提供的协议和命令集,灵活性较低。
二.串口屏驱动示例
这里是将串口作为一个serio总线设备,利用linux内核提供serio总线驱动,通过设置对应的串口,调用serport提供的函数将串口当做serio总线设备,在驱动里面需要按照serio总线设备驱动的框架来实现,在内核源码drivers/input/touchscreen下提供了两个例子,touchright.c和touchit123.c,可以参考这两个例子编写驱动。
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/serio.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#define DRIVER_DESC "EETI Egalax serial touchscreen driver"
MODULE_AUTHOR("Zolt??n B??sz??rm??nyi <zboszor@xxxxx>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
/*
* Definitions & global arrays.
*/
#define SERIO_EGALAX 0x3f
#define EGALAX_FORMAT_MAX_LENGTH 6
#define EGALAX_RESPONSE_BEGIN_BYTE 0x80
#define EGALAX_FORMAT_PRESSURE_BIT 0x40
#define EGALAX_FORMAT_TOUCH_BIT 0x01
#define EGALAX_FORMAT_RESOLUTION 0x06
#define EGALAX_MIN_XC 0
#define EGALAX_MAX_XC 0x4000
#define EGALAX_MIN_YC 0
#define EGALAX_MAX_YC 0x4000
#define EGALAX_GET_XC(data, resbits, shift) ((((data[1] & (resbits)) << 7) | (data[2] & 0x7f)) << shift)
#define EGALAX_GET_YC(data, resbits, shift) ((((data[3] & (resbits)) << 7) | (data[4] & 0x7f)) << shift)
#define EGALAX_GET_TOUCHED(data) (EGALAX_FORMAT_TOUCH_BIT & data[0])
/*
* Per-touchscreen data.
*/
struct egalax {
struct input_dev *dev;
struct serio *serio;
int idx;
int bytes;
int resbits;
int shift;
unsigned char data[EGALAX_FORMAT_MAX_LENGTH];
char phys[32];
};
static void egalax_process_data(struct egalax *pegalax)
{
struct input_dev *dev = pegalax->dev;
if (++pegalax->idx == pegalax->bytes) {
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, EGALAX_GET_XC(pegalax->data, pegalax->resbits, pegalax->shift));
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, EGALAX_GET_YC(pegalax->data, pegalax->resbits, pegalax->shift));
//input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, EGALAX_GET_TOUCHED(pegalax->data));
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, EGALAX_GET_TOUCHED(pegalax->data));
input_sync(dev);
pegalax->idx = 0;
}
}
static irqreturn_t egalax_interrupt(struct serio *serio,
unsigned char data, unsigned int flags)
{
struct egalax *pegalax = serio_get_drvdata(serio);
pegalax->data[pegalax->idx] = data;
if (EGALAX_RESPONSE_BEGIN_BYTE & pegalax->data[0]) {
pegalax->bytes = (EGALAX_FORMAT_PRESSURE_BIT & pegalax->data[0] ? 6 : 5);
switch ((EGALAX_FORMAT_RESOLUTION & pegalax->data[0]) >> 1) {
case 0:
pegalax->resbits = 0x0f;
pegalax->shift = 3;
break;
case 1:
pegalax->resbits = 0x1f;
pegalax->shift = 2;
break;
case 2:
pegalax->resbits = 0x3f;
pegalax->shift = 1;
break;
default:
pegalax->resbits = 0x7f;
pegalax->shift = 0;
break;
}
egalax_process_data(pegalax);
}
else
dev_dbg(&serio->dev, "unknown/unsynchronized data: %x\n",
pegalax->data[0]);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static void egalax_disconnect(struct serio *serio)
{
struct egalax *pegalax = serio_get_drvdata(serio);
input_get_device(pegalax->dev);
input_unregister_device(pegalax->dev);
serio_close(serio);
serio_set_drvdata(serio, NULL);
input_put_device(pegalax->dev);
kfree(pegalax);
}
/*
* egalax_connect() is the routine that is called when someone adds a
* new serio device that supports egalax protocol and registers it as
* an input device. This is usually accomplished using inputattach.
*/
static int egalax_connect(struct serio *serio, struct serio_driver *drv)
{
struct egalax *pegalax;
struct input_dev *input_dev;
int err;
pegalax = kzalloc(sizeof(struct egalax), GFP_KERNEL);
input_dev = input_allocate_device();
if (!pegalax || !input_dev) {
err = -ENOMEM;
goto fail1;
}
pegalax->serio = serio;
pegalax->dev = input_dev;
snprintf(pegalax->phys, sizeof(pegalax->phys),
"%s/input1", serio->phys);
input_dev->name = "EETI eGalaxTouch Serial TouchScreen";
input_dev->phys = pegalax->phys;
input_dev->id.bustype = BUS_RS232;
input_dev->id.vendor = SERIO_EGALAX;
input_dev->id.product = 0;
input_dev->id.version = 0x0001;
input_dev->dev.parent = &serio->dev;
input_dev->evbit[0] = BIT_MASK(EV_KEY) | BIT_MASK(EV_ABS);
//input_dev->keybit[BIT_WORD(BTN_TOUCH)] = BIT_MASK(BTN_TOUCH);
input_set_abs_params(pegalax->dev, ABS_X,
EGALAX_MIN_XC, EGALAX_MAX_XC, 0, 0);
input_set_abs_params(pegalax->dev, ABS_Y,
EGALAX_MIN_YC, EGALAX_MAX_YC, 0, 0);
input_set_abs_params(pegalax->dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0, 1, 0, 0);
serio_set_drvdata(serio, pegalax);
err = serio_open(serio, drv);
if (err)
goto fail2;
err = input_register_device(pegalax->dev);
if (err)
goto fail3;
return 0;
fail3: serio_close(serio);
fail2: serio_set_drvdata(serio, NULL);
fail1: input_free_device(input_dev);
kfree(pegalax);
return err;
}
/*
* The serio driver structure.
*/
static struct serio_device_id egalax_serio_ids[] = {
{
.type = SERIO_RS232,
.proto = SERIO_EGALAX,
.id = SERIO_ANY,
.extra = SERIO_ANY,
},
{ 0 }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(serio, egalax_serio_ids);
static struct serio_driver egalax_drv = {
.driver = {
.name = "egalax",
},
.description = DRIVER_DESC,
.id_table = egalax_serio_ids,
.interrupt = egalax_interrupt,
.connect = egalax_connect,
.disconnect = egalax_disconnect,
};
/*
* The functions for inserting/removing us as a module.
*/
static int __init egalax_init(void)
{
return serio_register_driver(&egalax_drv);
}
static void __exit egalax_exit(void)
{
serio_unregister_driver(&egalax_drv);
}
module_init(egalax_init);
module_exit(egalax_exit);
只是修改了最后一点,其中egalax_serio_ids中的几个参数在应用程序中需要用到,加上驱动编译内核更新后,此时这个驱动是没有起作用的,需要通过应用程序将串口与之绑定,后才能正常工作。
应用程序如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <termio.h>
#include <linux/serio.h>
#define SERIO_ANY 0xff
#define SERIO_EGALAX 0x3f
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int dev,ret;
char comdev[20];
int ldisc;
unsigned long type;
struct termios option;
int fd = -1;
if(argc != 2)
{
printf("-----------------------------------------\n");
printf("\nUsage: %s [serial device(1-5)]\n", argv[0]);
printf("Example: %s 5 n", argv[0]);
printf("-----------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}
dev = strtol(argv[1],NULL,10);
sprintf(comdev,"/dev/ttyAMA%d",dev);
fd = open(comdev,O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
if (fd < 0) {
perror(comdev);
exit(1);
}
tcgetattr(fd, &option);
option.c_iflag = IGNPAR | IGNBRK;
option.c_cflag = HUPCL | CS8 | CREAD | CLOCAL | B9600;
option.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
option.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
cfsetispeed(&option,B9600);
cfsetospeed(&option,B9600);
ret = tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &option);
if(ret < 0) {
perror("TCSANOW");
exit(1);
}
ldisc = N_MOUSE;
ret = ioctl(fd,TIOCSETD,&ldisc);
if(ret) {
perror("TIOCSETD");
}
type = SERIO_EGALAX | (SERIO_ANY << 8) | (SERIO_ANY << 16);
ret = ioctl(fd,SPIOCSTYPE, &type);
if(ret) {
perror("SPIOCSTYPE");
}
read(fd,NULL,0);
//close(fd);
return 0;
}
需要注意的是,应用程序最后这个read一定要执行,不然驱动里不会进行连接.
编译生成可执行文件seriotouch
应用程序配制完串口后需要与之前的驱动连接,看设置spiocstype的设置,需要保证这里的几个参数与驱动进行对应。
系统启动后执行seriotouch 5 &
后面这个5对应的是串口号,执行这个后会看到驱动里的connect执行了,同时会生成一个input节点。