Day56
1.数据库连接池
理解：池就是容器，容器中存放了多个连接对象
使用原因：
1.优化创建和销毁连接的时间（在项目启动时创建连接池，项目销毁时关闭连接池）
2.提高连接对象的复用率
3.有效控制项目中连接的个数（连接对象占内存资源）
数据库连接池负责分配、管理和释放数据库连接对象，它允许应用程序重复使用一个现有的数据库连接，而
不是再重新建立一个
1.1 自定义连接池
自己写的连接池类 FastConnectionPool
public class FastConnectionPool {
private String driverClassName;
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
private int maxActive;
//存储connection连接对象的资源容器(removeFirst)
private LinkedList<Connection> list;
//get,set方法(没有list的get、set方法)
//初始化list
public void init() throws SQLException {
list = new LinkedList<>();
try {
Class.forName(driverClassName);
//创建连接对象，并添加到连接池容器中
for (int i = 0; i < maxActive; i++) {
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
list.add(connection);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
if(list == null){
init();
}
Connection connection = null;
if(!list.isEmpty()){
connection = list.removeFirst();
}
return connection;
}
//回收connection对象，使用完了不用close()方法关闭，而是回收到list中继续使用，提高复用率
public void recovery(Connection connection){
list.add(connection);
}
}
测试类
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
//创建数据库连接池
FastConnectionPool pool = new FastConnectionPool();
//设置参数
pool.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
pool.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/2403javaee?characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC&rewriteBatchedStatements=true");
pool.setUsername("root");
pool.setPassword("123456");
pool.setMaxActive(20);
//jdbc的查询代码
Connection connection = pool.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from student";
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
while(resultSet.next()){
int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
float salary = resultSet.getFloat("salary");
String course = resultSet.getString("course");
System.out.println(id + " -- " + name + " -- " + sex + " -- " + age + " -- " + salary + " -- " + course);
}
resultSet.close();
statement.close();
pool.recovery(connection);//回收connection对象
}
}
1.2 升级自定义连接池(重点重点关注)
DataSource：连接池各有各的实现方式，所以sun公司定义了一个标准，DataSource
注意：市面上有众多的数据库连接池（Druid、C3P0、DBCP），他们都实现Java提供的DataSource接口(简称数据源)
使用过程，重点是要实现close方法，连接资源 (connection对象) 怎么关闭：装饰模式来帮忙
装饰设计模式（包装模式）：目的：改写已存在的类的某个方法或某些方法
数据库连接的包装类（需要实现很多方法）
定义Connection connection对象
定义LinkedList pool;
通过构造方法对上述两个值进行初始化
重写close方法
Public void close(){
pool.addLast(connection);
}
public class MyConnectionWrapper implements Connection {
private Connection connection;
private LinkedList<Connection> list;//连接池里的容器
public MyConnectionWrapper(Connection connection, LinkedList<Connection> list) {
this.connection = connection;
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
return connection.createStatement();
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
return connection.prepareStatement(sql);
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
return connection.prepareCall(sql);
}
@Override
public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
return connection.nativeSQL(sql);
}
@Override
public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {
connection.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
}
@Override
public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
return connection.getAutoCommit();
}
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
connection.commit();
}
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
connection.rollback();
}
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
System.out.println("将连接包装类对象回收到连接池里的容器");
list.add(this);
}
@Override
public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
return connection.isClosed();
}
@Override
public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
return connection.getMetaData();
}
@Override
public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {
connection.setReadOnly(readOnly);
}
@Override
public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
return connection.isReadOnly();
}
@Override
public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {
connection.setCatalog(catalog);
}
@Override
public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
return connection.getCatalog();
}
//省略一些方法
}
自定义连接池类，需要实现DataSource接口
public class FastConnectionPool implements DataSource {
private String driverClassName;
private String url;
private String username;
private String password;
private int maxActive;
private LinkedList<Connection> list;
//get,set方法(没有list的get、set方法)
public void init() throws SQLException {
list = new LinkedList<>();
try {
Class.forName(driverClassName);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
for (int i = 0; i < maxActive; i++) {
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//获取连接的方法需要将原本的connection对象进行包装
MyConnectionWrapper connectionWrapper = new MyConnectionWrapper(connection, list);
list.add(connectionWrapper);
}
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
if(list == null){
init();
}
Connection connection = null;
if(!list.isEmpty()){
connection = list.removeFirst();
}
return connection;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
return null;
}
}
测试类，和上面的一样
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
//创建连接池对象
FastConnectionPool pool = new FastConnectionPool();
//设置参数
//设置参数
pool.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
pool.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/2403javaee?characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC&rewriteBatchedStatements=true");
pool.setUsername("root");
pool.setPassword("123456");
pool.setMaxActive(20);
Connection connection = pool.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from student";
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
while(resultSet.next()){
int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
float salary = resultSet.getFloat("salary");
String course = resultSet.getString("course");
System.out.println(id + " -- " + name + " -- " + sex + " -- " + age + " -- " + salary + " -- " + course);
}
resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
1.3 Druid (德鲁伊) 连接池
通常我们把DataSource的实现，按其英文含义称之为数据源，数据源中都包含了数据库连接池的实现。
也有一些开源组织提供了数据源的独立实现：· DBCP 数据库连接池
· C3P0 数据库连接池
· Druid德鲁伊)数据库连接池
注意：市面上有众多的数据库连接池（Druid、C3P0、DBCP），他们都实现Java提供的DataSource接口(简称数据源)
在使用了数据库连接池之后，在项目的实际开发中就不需要编写连接数据库的代码了，直接从数据源获得数据库的连接。
需要导包
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
//创建连接池对象
DruidDataSource pool = new DruidDataSource();//就只变化了这一句话
//设置参数
pool.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
pool.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/2403javaee?characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC&rewriteBatchedStatements=true");
pool.setUsername("root");
pool.setPassword("123456");
pool.setMaxActive(20);
Connection connection = pool.getConnection();
String sql = "select * from student";
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
while(resultSet.next()){
int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String name = resultSet.getString("name");
String sex = resultSet.getString("sex");
int age = resultSet.getInt("age");
float salary = resultSet.getFloat("salary");
String course = resultSet.getString("course");
System.out.println(id + " -- " + name + " -- " + sex + " -- " + age + " -- " + salary + " -- " + course);
}
resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
1.4 Druid封装DBUtil
DBConfig.properties
driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/2403javaee?characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=UTC&rewriteBatchedStatements=trueuser
name=root
password=123456
maxActive=20
maxActive=20：最大连接对象个数
数据库工具类，修改DBUtil
package com.qf.utils;
public class DBUtil {
private static DruidDataSource pool;
private static ThreadLocal<Connection> local;
static{
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
properties.load(DBUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("DBConfig.properties"));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
String driverClassName = properties.getProperty("driverClassName");
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
String username = properties.getProperty("username");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
int maxActive = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("maxActive"));
//初始化数据库连接池
pool = new DruidDataSource();
//设置参数
pool.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
pool.setUrl(url);
pool.setUsername(username);
pool.setPassword(password);
pool.setMaxActive(maxActive);
local = new ThreadLocal<>();
}
/**
* 获取连接对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
Connection connection = local.get();//获取当前线程的Connection对象
if(connection == null){
connection = pool.getConnection();//获取数据库连接池里的连接对象
local.set(connection);//将Connection对象添加到local中
}
return connection;
}
/**
* 关闭资源
*/
public static void close(Connection connection, Statement statement, ResultSet resultSet){
if(resultSet != null){
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if(statement != null){
try {
statement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
if(connection != null){
try {
if(connection.getAutoCommit()){
connection.close();
local.set(null);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
/**
* 开启事务
*/
public static void startTransaction() throws SQLException {
Connection connection = getConnection();
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
}
/**
* 提交事务
*/
public static void commit() throws SQLException {
Connection connection = local.get();
if(connection != null){
connection.commit();
connection.close();
local.set(null);
}
}
public static void rollback() throws SQLException {
Connection connection = local.get();
if(connection != null){
connection.rollback();
connection.close();
local.set(null);
}
}
/**
* 更新数据（添加、删除、修改）
*/
public static int commonUpdate(String sql,Object... params) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
try {
connection = getConnection();
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
paramHandler(statement,params);
int num = statement.executeUpdate();
return num;
}finally {
close(connection,statement,null);
}
}
/**
* 添加数据 - 主键回填(主键是int类型可以返回)
*/
public static int commonInsert(String sql,Object... params) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
connection = getConnection();
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql,PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
paramHandler(statement,params);
statement.executeUpdate();
resultSet = statement.getGeneratedKeys();
int primaryKey = 0;
if(resultSet.next()){
primaryKey = resultSet.getInt(1);
}
return primaryKey;
}finally {
close(connection,statement,resultSet);
}
}
/**
* 查询多个数据
*/
public static <T> List<T> commonQueryList(Class<T> clazz,String sql, Object... params) throws SQLException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
connection = getConnection();
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
paramHandler(statement,params);
resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
//获取表数据对象
ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
//获取字段个数
int count = metaData.getColumnCount();
List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
while(resultSet.next()){
T t = clazz.newInstance();
//获取字段名及数据
for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
String fieldName = metaData.getColumnName(i);
Object fieldVal = resultSet.getObject(fieldName);
setField(t,fieldName,fieldVal);
}
list.add(t);
}
return list;
} finally {
DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);
}
}
/**
* 查询单个数据
*/
public static <T> T commonQueryObj(Class<T> clazz,String sql, Object... params) throws SQLException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
Connection connection = null;
PreparedStatement statement = null;
ResultSet resultSet = null;
try {
connection = getConnection();
statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
paramHandler(statement,params);
resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
//获取表数据对象
ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
//获取字段个数
int count = metaData.getColumnCount();
if(resultSet.next()){
T t = clazz.newInstance();
//获取字段名及数据
for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
String fieldName = metaData.getColumnName(i);
Object fieldVal = resultSet.getObject(fieldName);
setField(t,fieldName,fieldVal);
}
return t;
}
} finally {
DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);
}
return null;
}
/**
* 处理statement对象参数数据的处理器
*/
private static void paramHandler(PreparedStatement statement,Object... params) throws SQLException {
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
statement.setObject(i+1,params[i]);
}
}
/**
* 获取当前类及其父类的属性对象
* @param clazz class对象
* @param name 属性名
* @return 属性对象
*/
private static Field getField(Class<?> clazz,String name){
for(Class<?> c = clazz;c != null;c = c.getSuperclass()){
try {
Field field = c.getDeclaredField(name);
return field;
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
} catch (SecurityException e) {
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 设置对象中的属性
* @param obj 对象
* @param name 属性名
* @param value 属性值
*/
private static void setField(Object obj,String name,Object value){
Field field = getField(obj.getClass(), name);
if(field != null){
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
field.set(obj, value);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
封装学生类
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private String sex;
private int age;
private float salary;
private String course;
//无参构造，有参构造，get，set，toString方法省略
}
测试类
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
String sql = "select * from student";
List<Student> students = DBUtil.commonQueryList(Student.class, sql);//打印集合
for (Student stu : students) {
System.out.println(stu);
}
}
}
总结
1.连接池
概念
自定义连接池（两个版本，重点关注第二个版本）
Druid连接池
