• 将容器空间分成五个区域：顶部（Top）、底部（Bottom）、左侧（Left）、右侧（Right）和中心（Center）。每个区域都可以放置一个节点（Node），比如另一个布局容器或UI控件
• BorderPane中的一些区域可以为空，只设置需要的区域即可
• 顶部和底部默认是横向扩展全宽的
• 左右两侧则会扩展到足够容纳内容的高度
• 中心区域通常用来放置主要的内容，默认会填充剩余的空间
  

实现方式

Java实现

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setTop(new Label("top"));
pane.setCenter(new Label("center"));
pane.setBottom(new Label("bottom"));
pane.setLeft(new Label("left"));
pane.setRight(new Label("right"));
pane.setPadding(new Insets(5, 10, 10, 5));

FXML实现

<BorderPane xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml" prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="600.0">
    <top>
        <Button text="top"/>
    </top>
    <center>
        <Button text="center"/>
    </center>
    <bottom>
        <Button text="bottom"/>
    </bottom>
    <left>
        <Button text="left"/>
    </left>
    <right>
        <Button text="right"/>
    </right>
</BorderPane>

综合案例

BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
        // top
        MenuBar menuBar = new MenuBar();
        menuBar.setStyle("-fx-background-color: pink;");
        Menu file = new Menu("文件");
        file.getItems().add(new Menu("新建"));
        file.getItems().add(new Menu("打开"));
        menuBar.getMenus().add(file);
        menuBar.getMenus().add(new Menu("编辑"));
        pane.setTop(menuBar);

        // center
        TabPane tabPane = new TabPane();
        tabPane.setStyle("-fx-background-color: blue;");
        Tab tab1 = new Tab("Untitled Tab 1");
        tab1.setContent(new FlowPane());
        tabPane.getTabs().add(tab1);
        Tab tab2 = new Tab("Untitled Tab 2");
        tab2.setContent(new FlowPane());
        tabPane.getTabs().add(tab2);
        pane.setCenter(tabPane);

        // bottom
        FlowPane flowPaneBottom = new FlowPane();
        flowPaneBottom.setStyle("-fx-background-color: red;");
        flowPaneBottom.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
        flowPaneBottom.getChildren().add(new Label("底部数据"));
        pane.setBottom(flowPaneBottom);

        // left
        TreeItem<String> root = new TreeItem<String>("root");
        root.getChildren().add(new TreeItem<String>("一级目录"));
        root.getChildren().add(new TreeItem<String>("二级目录"));
        root.getChildren().add(new TreeItem<String>("三级目录"));
        TreeView<String> treeView = new TreeView<String>(root);
        treeView.setPrefWidth(100);
        pane.setLeft(treeView);

        // right
        FlowPane flowPaneRight = new FlowPane();
        flowPaneRight.setStyle("-fx-background-color: green;");
        flowPaneRight.setOrientation(Orientation.VERTICAL);
        flowPaneRight.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
        flowPaneRight.getChildren().add(new Button("操作1"));
        flowPaneRight.getChildren().add(new Button("操作2"));
        flowPaneRight.getChildren().add(new Button("操作3"));
        flowPaneRight.getChildren().add(new Button("操作4"));
        flowPaneRight.getChildren().add(new Button("操作5"));
        pane.setRight(flowPaneRight);
        return pane;

<BorderPane prefHeight="400.0" prefWidth="600.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/17.0.2-ea"  xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" >
    <top>
        <MenuBar style="-fx-background-color: pink;">
            <Menu styleClass="menu-item" text="文件">
                <Menu text="新建"/>
                <Menu text="打开"/>
            </Menu>
            <Menu text="编辑"/>
        </MenuBar>
    </top>
    <center>
        <TabPane fx:id="tabPane1" prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0" styleClass="tab-pane" style="-fx-background-color: blue;"
                 tabClosingPolicy="UNAVAILABLE" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
            <tabs>
                <Tab fx:id="tab1" text="Untitled Tab 1">
                    <content>
                        <FlowPane fx:id="flowPane1" minHeight="0.0" minWidth="0.0" prefHeight="180.0"
                                  prefWidth="200.0"/>
                    </content>
                </Tab>
                <Tab fx:id="tab2" text="Untitled Tab 2">
                    <content>
                        <FlowPane minHeight="0.0" minWidth="0.0" prefHeight="180.0" prefWidth="200.0">
                            <Button styleClass="btn btn-primary" text="添加Button"/>
                            <Button styleClass="btn btn-primary" text="添加Tab"/>
                        </FlowPane>
                    </content>
                </Tab>
            </tabs>
        </TabPane>
    </center>
    <left>
        <TreeView prefWidth="100" >
            <TreeItem value="root">
                <children>
                    <TreeItem value="一级目录"/>
                    <TreeItem value="二级目录"/>
                    <TreeItem value="三级目录"/>
                </children>
            </TreeItem>
        </TreeView>
    </left>
    <right>
        <FlowPane alignment="CENTER" orientation="VERTICAL" prefWidth="60" style="-fx-background-color: green;">
            <Button text="操作1"/>
            <Button text="操作2"/>
            <Button text="操作3"/>
            <Button text="操作4"/>
        </FlowPane>
    </right>
    <bottom>
        <FlowPane alignment="CENTER" prefHeight="50" style="-fx-background-color: red;" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
            <Label text="底部数据"/>
            <BorderPane.margin>
                <Insets top="5.0" left="0" right="0" bottom="5"/>
            </BorderPane.margin>
        </FlowPane>
    </bottom>
</BorderPane>