训练模型

学习心得

1. 构建数据集。这通常包括训练集、验证集（可选）和测试集。训练集用于训练模型，验证集用于调整超参数和监控过拟合，测试集用于评估模型的泛化能力。
   （mindspore提供数据集https://www.mindspore.cn/docs/zh-CN/r2.3.0rc2/api_python/mindspore.dataset.html）
2. 定义神经网络模型。这通常涉及到选择适当的网络架构（如卷积神经网络CNN、循环神经网络RNN、全连接网络等）和激活函数。
   创建模型类：使用mindspore.nn.Cell作为基类，创建一个自定义的神经网络模型类。
   义网络层：定义所需的网络，如卷积层、全连接层、激活函数和池化层等
   实现construct方法：在construct方法中，使用定义好的网络层构建前向网络
3. 定义超参、损失函数和优化器。
   设置超参数：设置超参数，如学习率、批次大小、训练轮数等。
   定义损失函数：选择适当的损失函数，如均方误差（MSE）用于回归问题，交叉熵损失（Cross-Entropy Loss）用于分类问题等。
   设置优化器：选择合适的优化器，如随机梯度下降（SGD）、Adam等，用于根据损失函数的梯度更新模型参数。
4. 训练和评估。
   循环输入数据来训练模型。一次数据集的完整迭代循环称为一轮（epoch）。每轮执行训练时包括两个步骤：
   训练：迭代训练数据集，并尝试收敛到最佳参数。
   验证/测试：迭代测试数据集，以检查模型性能是否提升。

笔记

import mindspore
from mindspore import nn
from mindspore.dataset import vision, transforms
from mindspore.dataset import MnistDataset

# Download data from open datasets
from download import download

url = "https://mindspore-website.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/" \
      "notebook/datasets/MNIST_Data.zip"
path = download(url, "./", kind="zip", replace=True)


def datapipe(path, batch_size):
    image_transforms = [
        vision.Rescale(1.0 / 255.0, 0),
        vision.Normalize(mean=(0.1307,), std=(0.3081,)),
        vision.HWC2CHW()
    ]
    label_transform = transforms.TypeCast(mindspore.int32)

    dataset = MnistDataset(path)
    dataset = dataset.map(image_transforms, 'image')
    dataset = dataset.map(label_transform, 'label')
    dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size)
    return dataset

train_dataset = datapipe('MNIST_Data/train', batch_size=64)
test_dataset = datapipe('MNIST_Data/test', batch_size=64)

class Network(nn.Cell):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.flatten = nn.Flatten()
        self.dense_relu_sequential = nn.SequentialCell(
            nn.Dense(28*28, 512),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Dense(512, 512),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Dense(512, 10)
        )

    def construct(self, x):
        x = self.flatten(x)
        logits = self.dense_relu_sequential(x)
        return logits

model = Network()

epochs = 3
batch_size = 64
learning_rate = 1e-2

loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = nn.SGD(model.trainable_params(), learning_rate=learning_rate)

# Define forward function
def forward_fn(data, label):
    logits = model(data)
    loss = loss_fn(logits, label)
    return loss, logits

# Get gradient function
grad_fn = mindspore.value_and_grad(forward_fn, None, optimizer.parameters, has_aux=True)

# Define function of one-step training
def train_step(data, label):
    (loss, _), grads = grad_fn(data, label)
    optimizer(grads)
    return loss

def train_loop(model, dataset):
    size = dataset.get_dataset_size()
    model.set_train()
    for batch, (data, label) in enumerate(dataset.create_tuple_iterator()):
        loss = train_step(data, label)

        if batch % 100 == 0:
            loss, current = loss.asnumpy(), batch
            print(f"loss: {loss:>7f}  [{current:>3d}/{size:>3d}]")
            
def test_loop(model, dataset, loss_fn):
    num_batches = dataset.get_dataset_size()
    model.set_train(False)
    total, test_loss, correct = 0, 0, 0
    for data, label in dataset.create_tuple_iterator():
        pred = model(data)
        total += len(data)
        test_loss += loss_fn(pred, label).asnumpy()
        correct += (pred.argmax(1) == label).asnumpy().sum()
    test_loss /= num_batches
    correct /= total
    print(f"Test: \n Accuracy: {(100*correct):>0.1f}%, Avg loss: {test_loss:>8f} \n")

loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = nn.SGD(model.trainable_params(), learning_rate=learning_rate)

for t in range(epochs):
    print(f"Epoch {t+1}\n-------------------------------")
    train_loop(model, train_dataset)
    test_loop(model, test_dataset, loss_fn)
print("Done!")

结果