服务器信息
主库RAC环境信息
主库RAC基本环境
| 节点1 | 节点2 | |
| OS | centos 7.9 | centos 7.9 |
| 数据库版本 | 11.2.0.4 | 11.2.0.4 |
| 规格 | 1C4G | 1C4G |
| 主机名 | racdb01 | racdb02 |
| public ip | 192.168.40.135 | 192.168.40.145 |
| vip | 192.168.40.13 | 192.168.40.14 |
| private ip | 192.168.183.135 | 192.168.183.145 |
| scanip | 192.168.40.100 | |
| scan name | orcl-scan | |
| ORACLE_HOME | /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db | |
| db_name | topnet | topnet |
| db_unique_name | topnet | topnet |
| instance_name | topnet1 | topnet2 |
| 端口 | 1521 | 1521 |
主库RAC文件路径环境
--查看所有数据文件位置
select file_name from dba_data_files
union all
select file_name from dba_temp_files
union all
select name from v$controlfile
union all
select name from v$archived_log;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/topnet/datafile/users.268.1172044125
+DATA/topnet/datafile/undotbs1.267.1172044125
+DATA/topnet/datafile/sysaux.269.1172044125
+DATA/topnet/datafile/system.261.1172044125
+DATA/topnet/datafile/undotbs2.279.1172044263
+DATA/topnet/tempfile/temp.278.1172044205
+DATA/topnet/controlfile/current.260.1172044201
+ARCH/topnet/controlfile/current.317.1172044201
8 rows selected.| 主机 | 数据文件路径 | 控制文件 | 归档日志文件 |
| orcl01 | +DATA/topnet/datafile/ +DATA/topnet/tempfile/ | +DATA/topnet/controlfile/ | +ARCH |
| orcl02 |
主库RAC的hosts文件
[oracle@orcl01:/home/oracle]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
## OracleBegin
## RAC1 IP's: orcl01
## RAC1 Public IP
192.168.40.200 orcl01
## RAC1 Virtual IP
192.168.40.202 orcl01-vip
## RAC1 Private IP
192.168.183.200 orcl01-priv
## RAC2 IP's: orcl02
## RAC2 Public IP
192.168.40.201 orcl02
## RAC2 Virtual IP
192.168.40.203 orcl02-vip
## RAC2 Private IP
192.168.183.201 orcl02-priv
## SCAN IP
192.168.40.205 orcl-scan备库环境规划
| OS | centos 7.9 |
| 数据库版本 | 11.2.0.4 |
| 规格 | 1C4G |
| 主机名 | topnetdg |
| ip | 192.168.40.52 |
| 端口 | 1521 |
| ORACLE_HOME | /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db |
| db_name | dxjdg |
| db_unique_name | dxjdg |
| instance_name | dxjdg |
| 备库数据文件存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/datafile |
| 备库联机日志文件文件存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/onlinelog |
| 备库临时表空间文件存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/tempfile |
| 备库控制文件存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/controlfile |
| 备库归档文件存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/archivelog |
| 备库相关日志存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/adump |
| 备库相关日志存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/dpdump |
| 备库相关日志存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/hdump |
| 备库相关日志存放路径 | /oradata/topnetdg/pfile |
| 备库闪回空间放路径 | /u01/app/oracle/fast_recover_area |
部署前准备工作
主库RAC
主库归档开启
确保主库开启归档，若未开启归档则按以下步骤进行开启归档，若已开启归档，则忽略该步骤。
--检查主库是否开启归档
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode 未开启归档
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 4
Current log sequence 5
--更改归档参数
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+ARCH' scope=spfile sid='*';
--关闭实例
srvctl stop database -d topnet -o immediate #1个节点操纵，两个节点的数据库实例都会关闭
--将一个节点启动到mount状态
srvctl start instance -d topnet -i topnet1 -o mount
--开启归档
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
--查看归档
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination +ARCH
Oldest online log sequence 4
Next log sequence to archive 5
Current log sequence 5
--启动第2个节点
srvctl start instance -d topnet -i topnet2主库force logging模式开启
在节点RAC1执行，查看数据库的模式
--在节点RAC1执行，查看数据库的模式 force_logging为NO 说明未开启force logging模式
set linesize 999
col open_mode for a15
col protection_mode for a30
col database_role for a15
select log_mode,open_mode,protection_mode,database_role,switchover_status,guard_status,force_logging from v$database;
LOG_MODE OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS GUARD_S FOR
------------ -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------- ---
ARCHIVELOG READ WRITE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE PRIMARY NOT ALLOWED NONE NO在节点RAC1上执行：
--开启force logging模式
alter database force logging;
--查看数据库的模式 force_logging为YES 说明已开启force logging模式
set linesize 999
col open_mode for a15
col protection_mode for a30
col database_role for a15
select log_mode,open_mode,protection_mode,database_role,switchover_status,guard_status,force_logging from v$database;
LOG_MODE OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS GUARD_S FOR
------------ -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------- ---
ARCHIVELOG READ WRITE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE PRIMARY NOT ALLOWED NONE YES主库创建standby redo log 文件
主库RAC1节点sqlplus执行查看现有日志组情况
--查看现有日志组情况
set linesize 999
col member format a50;
select a.thread#,a.group#,a.bytes/1024/1024,b.member from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;
THREAD# GROUP# A.BYTES/1024/1024 MEMBER
---------- ---------- ----------------- --------------------------------------------------
1 2 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_2.268.1172048547
1 2 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_2.267.1172048547
1 1 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_1.257.1172048547
1 1 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_1.279.1172048547
2 3 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_3.256.1172048579
2 3 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_3.270.1172048579
2 4 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_4.272.1172048579
2 4 50 +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_4.265.1172048579
8 rows selected.每个 thread 都需要创建，standby redo log 比 redo log 多一组,大小相同
--查看是否配置OMF
SQL> show parameter db_create_file_dest
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
db_create_file_dest string +DATA
--若配置的有OMF，按以下步骤添加standby logfile
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 21 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 22 size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 23 size 50m;
--若未配置OMF，按以下步骤添加standby logfile,由于上面每组2个redo成员，故standby logfile每组也对应2个redo成员
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 ('+DATA','+DATA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 ('+DATA','+DATA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 ('+DATA','+DATA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 21 ('+DATA','+DATA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 22 ('+DATA','+DATA') size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 23 ('+DATA','+DATA') size 50m;创建完查看日志组
--查看日志组
set pagesize 999
select group#,type,member from v$logfile order by 2;
GROUP# TYPE MEMBER
---------- --------------------- --------------------------------------------------
2 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_2.268.1172048547
2 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_2.267.1172048547
1 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_1.257.1172048547
1 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_1.279.1172048547
3 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_3.256.1172048579
3 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_3.270.1172048579
4 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_4.272.1172048579
4 ONLINE +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_4.265.1172048579
11 STANDBY +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_11.263.1172048987
12 STANDBY +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_12.258.1172048987
13 STANDBY +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_13.277.1172048987
21 STANDBY +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_21.264.1172048997
22 STANDBY +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_22.262.1172048997
23 STANDBY +DATA/topnet/onlinelog/group_23.259.1172048999
14 rows selected.主库参数修改
--查看name参数
SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
db_name string topnet
SQL> show parameter db_unique_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name string topnet
SQL> show parameter instance_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
instance_name string topnet1
SQL> show parameter service_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
service_names string topnetDB_NAME备库要与主库保持一致，
DB_UNIQUE_NAME要有所区别，不能一样，
参数DG_CONFIG和LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG中会用到db_unique_name
log_archive_dest_2里的service=后面跟的是服务名，就是写到TNSNAMES.ORA里的
主库修改参数如下，在RAC1节点执行
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(topnet,topnetdg)' sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+ARCH valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=topnet' sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=topnetdg async noaffirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=topnetdg' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=both sid='*';
alter system set fal_client='topnet' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set fal_server='topnetdg' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_max_processes=10 scope=both;
alter system set db_file_name_convert='/oradata/topnetdg/datafile','+DATA/topnet/datafile','/oradata/topnetdg/tempfile','+DATA/topnet/tempfile' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_file_name_convert='/oradata/topnetdg/onlinelog','+DATA/orcl/onlinelog' scope=spfile sid='*';关闭数据库使参数生效
（这里关库重启主要是为了让db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert立即生效！这两个参数如果这里不配置也可以！等需要的时候再配置。如果配置了该参数没有立即重启库，以后可能会出现1个实例崩溃后无法正常启动，提示参数不致！！！！）
srvctl stop database -d topnet -o immediate启动数据库实例
srvctl start database -d topnet -o open主库创建pfile备份文件
由于主库是RAC，RAC和单点的pfile文件不同。RAC每个节点的pfile文件是指向共享磁盘spfile文件的一个链接，如下：
--切换到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs
--查看RAC的pfile参数文件内容
strings inittopnet1.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/topnet/spfiletopnet.ora'
--创建spfile文件对应的pfile参数文件 RAC任一节点执行均可，本文档在节点1执行
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_topnet1_20240620.ora' from spfile;主库修改监听文件tnsnames.ora
su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
cp tnsnames.ora tnsnames.ora_bak_20240620
[oracle@orcl01:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
TOPNET =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = orcl-scan)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = topnet)
)
)
TOPNETDG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.40.52 )(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = topnetdg)
)
)备库单点
备库创建目录
cd /oradata
mkdir -p topnetdg/datafile
mkdir -p topnetdg/onlinelog
mkdir -p topnetdg/tempfile
mkdir -p topnetdg/controlfile
mkdir -p topnetdg/archivelog
[oracle@topnetdg:/home/oracle]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle]$ ls
cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag oradata product
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/topnetdg/adump
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/topnetdg/dpdump
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/topnetdg/hdump
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/topnetdg/pfile
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recover_area备库创建口令文件
拷贝主库RAC两个节点任意一个节点的口令文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下(本文档是在主库RAC1节点执行)，然后在备库重命名口令文件
--在主库RAC1节点执行，拷贝主库RAC两个节点任意一个节点的口令文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下
su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
scp orapwtopnet1 oracle@192.168.40.52:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/
--在备库重命名口令文件 口令文件命令格式orapw+sid
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
mv orapwtopnet1 orapwtopnetdg备库创建参数文件
拷贝主库RAC两个节点任意一个节点新创建的pfile参数文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下(本文档是在主库RAC1节点执行)，然后在备库上修改参数文件
--在主库RAC1节点执行，拷贝主库RAC两个节点任意一个节点的参数文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下
su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
scp pfile_topnet1_20240620.ora oracle@192.168.40.52:/home/oracle/注意备库参数文件中db_files参数要与主库RAC的db_files参数进行一下比较，要等于或多于主库RAC的db_files参数值。
注意db_file_name_convert参数:如果主库RAC的数据文件在多个路径下且有重名的数据文件情况下，此时注意修改该参数值不要在同一个文件夹下！！
修改后内容如下：
[oracle@topnetdg:/home/oracle]$ cat pfile_topnet1_20240620.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/topnetdg/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/oradata/topnetdg/controlfile/control01.ctl','/oradata/topnetdg/controlfile/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/topnet/datafile','/oradata/topnetdg/datafile','+DATA/topnet/tempfile','/oradata/topnetdg/tempfile'
*.db_name='topnet'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recover_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4621074432
*.db_files=1024
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=topnetdgXDB)'
*.fal_client='topnetdg'
*.fal_server='topnet'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(topnet,topnetdg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=topnetdg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=topnet async noaffirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=topnet'
*.log_archive_max_processes=10
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/topnet/onlinelog','/oradata/topnetdg/onlinelog'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.db_unique_name='topnetdg'
*.service_names='topnetdg'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.memory_target=1645215744
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'备库创建监听文件
listener.ora文件
增加静态监听内容：SID_LIST_LISTENER部分为静态监听内容
[oracle@topnetdg:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.40.52)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db)
(SID_NAME = topnetdg)
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracletnsnames.ora文件
可将主库RAC节点1上的tnsnames.ora文件拷贝到备库，然后进行修改，修改后如下：
[oracle@orcl01:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
TOPNET =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.40.200)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = topnet)
)
)
TOPNETDG =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.40.52 )(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = topnetdg)
)
)备库重启监听服务
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start若跳过该步骤，后面rman连接主备库时会报错：
[oracle@topnetdg:/home/oracle]$ rman target sys/oracle@topnet auxiliary sys/oracle@topnetdg
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 20 11:31:19 2024
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TOPNET (DBID=3403746080)
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor部署过程
备库启动实例至nomount状态
--通过pfile参数启库到nomount状态
idle 20-JUN-24> startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_topnet1_20240620.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers 637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
--通过pfile文件创建spfile文件
create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_topnet1_20240620.ora';
--关库
shutdown abort
--spfile参数文件启库
startup nomount
--验证启库是通过spfile文件
set linesize 999
show parameter pfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/spfiletopnetdg.ora
--依据spfile参数文件 创建$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下的pfile文件
create pfile from spfile;启动的同时可以查看数据库日志观察数据库的操作：
su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/topnetdg/topnetdg/trace
tail -300f alert_topnetdg.logtnsping后面跟的是tnsnames.ora文件中配置的网络名
RMAN复制主库RAC数据到备库，进行同步
RMAN复制主库RAC数据到备库，进行同步，数据同步完成后备库从startup nomount变成mount状态。
验证主备库网络
--备库验证主备库网络
tnsping topnet
tnsping topnetdg输出的详细结果如下：
[oracle@topnetdg:/home/oracle]$ tnsping topnetdg
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 20-JUN-2024 11:29:02
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.40.52)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = topnetdg)))
OK (0 msec)
rman连接主备库
[oracle@topnetdg:/home/oracle]$ rman target sys/oracle@topnet auxiliary sys/oracle@topnetdg
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 20 11:35:13 2024
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TOPNET (DBID=3403746080)
connected to auxiliary database (not started)问题处理
rman连接主备库时会报错
--问题描述
rman连接主备库时会报错
[oracle@topnetdg:/home/oracle]$ rman target sys/oracle@topnet auxiliary sys/oracle@topnetdg
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 20 11:31:19 2024
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TOPNET (DBID=3403746080)
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
--解决办法
检查主备库网络，都显示ok,说明主备库网络无问题
tnsping topnet
tnsping topnetdg
重启备库监听
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start复制主库数据到备库
复制主库数据到备库，有2种场景可选，视情况进行选择。
场景1：默认复制数据到备库未开启并行
duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;详细过程如下：
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
Starting Duplicate Db at 20-JUN-24
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapwtopnet1' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapwtopnetdg' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 20-JUN-24
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=64 instance=topnet1 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 20-JUN-24
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/oradata/topnetdg/controlfile/control01.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/oradata/topnetdg/controlfile/control02.ctl' from
'/oradata/topnetdg/controlfile/control01.ctl';
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 20-JUN-24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/snapcf_topnet1.f tag=TAG20240620T123540 RECID=1 STAMP=1172147741
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-JUN-24
Starting restore at 20-JUN-24
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 20-JUN-24
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/oradata/topnetdg/tempfile/temp.269.1172048549";
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/system.275.1172048469";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/sysaux.260.1172048469";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs1.278.1172048469";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/users.281.1172048469";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs2.261.1172048561";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/system.275.1172048469" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/sysaux.260.1172048469" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs1.278.1172048469" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/users.281.1172048469" datafile
5 auxiliary format
"/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs2.261.1172048561" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /oradata/topnetdg/tempfile/temp.269.1172048549 in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 20-JUN-24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/topnet/datafile/system.275.1172048469
output file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/system.275.1172048469 tag=TAG20240620T123549
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/topnet/datafile/sysaux.260.1172048469
output file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/sysaux.260.1172048469 tag=TAG20240620T123549
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/topnet/datafile/undotbs1.278.1172048469
output file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs1.278.1172048469 tag=TAG20240620T123549
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/topnet/datafile/undotbs2.261.1172048561
output file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs2.261.1172048561 tag=TAG20240620T123549
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/topnet/datafile/users.281.1172048469
output file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/users.281.1172048469 tag=TAG20240620T123549
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-JUN-24
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1172147784 file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/system.275.1172048469
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1172147784 file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/sysaux.260.1172048469
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1172147784 file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs1.278.1172048469
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1172147784 file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/users.281.1172048469
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1172147784 file name=/oradata/topnetdg/datafile/undotbs2.261.1172048561
Finished Duplicate Db at 20-JUN-24场景2：复制数据到备库开启并行
run
{
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
allocate channel d3 type disk;
allocate channel d4 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel c1 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel c2 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel c3 type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel c4 type disk;
duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
}详细过程未做实验。
问题处理
RMAN-04006&ORA-27101
--问题描述
复制主库RAC数据向备份时提示如下报错
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;
Starting Duplicate Db at 20-JUN-24
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 06/20/2024 12:32:58
RMAN-05501: aborting duplication of target database
RMAN-06403: could not obtain a fully authorized session
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
--问题原因
备库未启动至nomount状态
--解决办法
启动备库
startup nomount查看复制完数据后备库状态
RMAN复制主库RAC数据到备库，进行同步，数据同步完成后备库从startup nomount变成mount状态。
--查看备库情况
idle 20-JUN-24> set linesize 999
idle 20-JUN-24> select dbid,name,open_mode,database_role from v$database;
DBID NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
3403746080 TOPNET MOUNTED PHYSICAL STANDBY
同步数据
--mount模式启动主备库实时同步（ADG）
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;打开备库至open状态
--取消备库同步主库数据
idle 20-JUN-24> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
--打开备库至open状态 open备库前必须先停止数据同步
idle 20-JUN-24> alter database open;
Database altered.
--查看备库状态 OPEN_MODE 由mount 转变成了 READ ONLY
idle 20-JUN-24> select dbid,name,open_mode,database_role from v$database;
DBID NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
3403746080 TOPNET READ ONLY PHYSICAL STANDBY
--备库open库后，备库开启实时同步主库数据 OPEN_MODE 由READ ONLY 转变成了 READ ONLY WITH APPLY
idle 20-JUN-24> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
idle 20-JUN-24> select dbid,name,open_mode,database_role from v$database;
DBID NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
3403746080 TOPNET READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY
验证主备库数据同步
主库创建测试数据
--创建用户
create user pijiake identified by pijiake;
grant resource,connect to pijiake;
--构建测试数据
create table pijiake.t1 as select level as id from dual connect by level<=10;
--查询测试数据
select count(*) from pijiake.t1;备库观察数据是否同步
主备库数据查询一样即主备库ADG部署完成。
--查询测试数据
select count(*) from pijiake.t1;同步管理
查看主备库状态
--主库信息 switchover显示to standby或者session active为正常
set linesize 999
col open_mode for a30
select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
TOPNET READ WRITE PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TO STANDBY
--备库信息
set linesize 999
col open_mode for a30
select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,switchover_status from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
TOPNET READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE NOT ALLOWED备库停止同步进程
--停止同步进程
sqlplus / as sysdba
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;备库开启实时同步
方法1：使用alter database recover managed standby database delay 120 disconnect from session;
方法2：使用alter system set log_archive_dest_3='service=db3 lgwr async delay=120 valid_for= (all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=db3';
在ADG服务器上启动一个vip，此vip是RAC的service-ip/scan-ip，这样可省去应用程序修改库连接配置和重启的时间，大大缩减业务中断时长。
观察数据同步延迟情况可以通过查看视图v$standby_event_histogram。同步验证日志查看
在主库上进行日志切换
ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format='DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT sequence#, first_time, next_time FROM v$archived_log ORDER BY sequence#;
ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;在从库上执行如下语句查看日志是否同步切换到最新
ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format='DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT sequence#, first_time, next_time, applied FROM v$archived_log ORDER BY sequence#;查看切换状态，是否有GAP或目标不可达的情况发生
select switchover_status from v$database;主库返回to standby或session active，备库返回NOT ALLOWED表示无问题。
日志切换
alter system archive log current;ADG同步延迟
--观察数据同步延迟
select * from v$standby_event_histogram;查询当前SCN号
select to_char(current_scn) from v$database;查询是否同步
sqlplus / as sysdba
SELECT * FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP;
SELECT max(sequence#) from v$archived_log where applied='YES';
SELECT PROCESS, STATUS, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, BLOCK#, BLOCKS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;
参考链接：搭建记录：duplicate搭建oracle rac到单实例搭建物理DG_V7 - 墨天轮
