MQTT通讯协议接入

news2024/12/23 17:54:46

1.MQTT协议概述

MQTT是一种基于发布/订阅模式的轻量级消息传输协议，常用于低带宽、不可靠网络环境下传输消息，适用于物联网设备之间的通信。

1.1 MQTT协议的组件

客户端（Client）：连接到MQTT代理服务器的设备（发布者、订阅者）
代理服务器（Broker）：负责接收来自客户端的消息并将其转发给订阅该主题的客户端
主题（Topic）：消息的分类标识，客户端通过订阅或发布到特定主题来接受或发送消息
消息（Message）：客户端通过主题传输的数据负载

客户端通过TCP/IP连接到代理，通过身份验证保持长连接

2.MQTT服务器搭建

用EMQX来搭建服务器

快速开始 | EMQX 4.3 文档https://docs.emqx.com/zh/emqx/v4.3/getting-started/getting-started.html 下载EMQX

https://www.emqx.com/zh/try?product=brokerhttps://www.emqx.com/zh/try?product=broker 安装虚拟机（环境：centOS7）

配置 EMQX Yum 源

curl -s https://assets.emqx.com/scripts/install-emqx-rpm.sh | sudo bash

安装依赖

yum install epel-release -y

yum install -y openssl11 openssl11-devel

安装 EMQX

sudo yum install emqx -y

启动 EMQX

sudo systemctl start emqx

访问管理后台：http://localhost:18083/#/login?to=/dashboard/overview

（默认用户名：admin 密码：public）

访问接口文档： http://localhost:18083/api-docs/index.html#

2.1 创建主题

3.使用EMQX服务器

如何在 Java 中使用 MQTT | EMQ本文主要介绍如何在 Java 项目中使用 MQTT，实现 MQTT 客户端与服务器的连接、订阅和收发消息等功能。https://www.emqx.com/zh/blog/how-to-use-mqtt-in-java

3.1 导入依赖

<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId>
<artifactId>org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>

3.2 创建MQTT连接

        String broker = "tcp://localhost:1883";
        // TLS/SSL
        // String broker = "ssl://broker.emqx.io:8883";
        String username = "emqx";
        String password = "public";
        String clientid = "publish_client";

        MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid, new MemoryPersistence());
        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
        options.setUserName(username);
        options.setPassword(password.toCharArray());
        client.connect(options);

MqttClient: 同步调用客户端，使用阻塞方法通信。
MqttClientPersistence: 代表一个持久的数据存储，用于在传输过程中存储出站和入站的信息，使其能够传递到指定的 QoS。
MqttConnectOptions: 连接选项，用于指定连接的参数，下面列举一些常见的方法。
- setUserName: 设置用户名
- setPassword: 设置密码
- setCleanSession: 设置是否清除会话
- setKeepAliveInterval: 设置心跳间隔
- setConnectionTimeout: 设置连接超时时间
- setAutomaticReconnect: 设置是否自动重连

3.3 发布MQTT消息

package io.emqx.mqtt;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;

public class PublishSample {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

       String broker = "tcp://broker.emqx.io:1883";
       String topic = "mqtt/test";
       String username = "emqx";
       String password = "public";
       String clientid = "publish_client";
       String content = "Hello MQTT";
       int qos = 0;

       try {
           MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid, new MemoryPersistence());
           // 连接参数
           MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
           // 设置用户名和密码
           options.setUserName(username);
           options.setPassword(password.toCharArray());
           options.setConnectionTimeout(60);
      options.setKeepAliveInterval(60);
           // 连接
           client.connect(options);
           // 创建消息并设置 QoS
           MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage(content.getBytes());
           message.setQos(qos);
           // 发布消息
           client.publish(topic, message);
           System.out.println("Message published");
           System.out.println("topic: " + topic);
           System.out.println("message content: " + content);
           // 关闭连接
           client.disconnect();
           // 关闭客户端
           client.close();
      } catch (MqttException e) {
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
  }
}

3.4 订阅MQTT主题

package io.emqx.mqtt;

import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;

public class SubscribeSample {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       String broker = "tcp://broker.emqx.io:1883";
       String topic = "mqtt/test";
       String username = "emqx";
       String password = "public";
       String clientid = "subscribe_client";
       int qos = 0;

       try {
           MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid, new MemoryPersistence());
           // 连接参数
           MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
           options.setUserName(username);
           options.setPassword(password.toCharArray());
           options.setConnectionTimeout(60);
      options.setKeepAliveInterval(60);
           // 设置回调
           client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {

               public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
                   System.out.println("connectionLost: " + cause.getMessage());
              }

               public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) {
                   System.out.println("topic: " + topic);
                   System.out.println("Qos: " + message.getQos());
                   System.out.println("message content: " + new String(message.getPayload()));

              }

               public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
                   System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------" + token.isComplete());
              }

          });
           client.connect(options);
           client.subscribe(topic, qos);
      } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
      }
  }
}