k8s测试题

news2025/1/20 10:46:39

k8s集群
k8s集群node01	192.168.246.11
k8s集群node02	192.168.246.12
k8s集群master	192.168.246.10

k8s集群nginx+keepalive
负载均衡nginx+keepalive01（master）	192.168.246.13
负载均衡nginx+keepalive02（backup）	192.168.246.14
VIP 192.168.246.100

一、Kubernetes 区域可采用 Kubeadm 方式进行安装

二、

要求在 Kubernetes 环境中，通过yaml文件的方式，创建2个Nginx Pod分别放置在两个不同的节点上，Pod使用hostPath类型的存储卷挂载，节点本地目录共享使用 /data，2个Pod副本测试页面二者要不同，以做区分，测试页面可自己定义。

2.1创建yaml文件

[root@master01 ~]#kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx:1.14 --port=80 --dry-run=client -o yaml > nginx-pod.yaml
[root@master01 ~]#cd /opt
[root@master01 opt]#mkdir /opt/kaoshi
[root@master01 opt]#cd 
[root@master01 ~]#mv nginx-pod.yaml /opt/kaoshi/
[root@master01 ~]#cd /opt/kaoshi/
[root@master01 kaoshi]#ls
nginx-pod.yaml
[root@master01 kaoshi]#vim nginx-pod.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: nginx
  name: nginx01
spec:
  nodeName: node01
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: node01-html
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      readOnly: false
  volumes:
  - name: node01-html
    hostPath:
      path: /data
      type: DirectoryOrCreate

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: nginx
  name: nginx02
spec:
  nodeName: node02
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: node02-html
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      readOnly: false
  volumes:
  - name: node02-html
    hostPath:
      path: /data
      type: DirectoryOrCreate

2.2使用yaml文件创建自主式Pod资源

[root@master01 kaoshi]#kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml 
pod/nginx01 created
pod/nginx02 created

查看调度

#查看创建的两个pod，被调度到了不同的node节点

[root@master01 kaoshi]#kubectl get pods -o wide|grep nginx
nginx01                            1/1     Running   0          3m46s   10.244.1.14   node01   <none>           <none>
nginx02                            1/1     Running   0          3m46s   10.244.2.9    node02   <none>           <none>

2.3两个node节点的存储卷，写入不同的html文件内容

2.4验证访问网页

三、编写service对应的yaml文件，使用NodePort类型和TCP 30000端口将Nginx服务发布出去。

3.1编写service对应的yaml文件

[root@master01 kaoshi]#vim pod-nginx-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    run: nginx
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30000
  selector:
    run: nginx

3.2访问测试

四、

负载均衡区域配置Keepalived+Nginx，实现负载均衡高可用，通过VIP 192.168.10.100和自定义的端口号即可访问K8S发布出来的服务。

4.1安装nginx服务

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo << 'EOF'
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
EOF
 
yum install nginx -y

stream {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sen
t'; 
 
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log  main;
        
    upstream k8s-nodes {
        server 192.168.246.11:30000;
        server 192.168.246.12:30000;
    }   
    server {
        listen 30000;
        proxy_pass k8s-nodes;
    }   
}

nginx -t   
 
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
netstat -natp | grep nginx

4.2安装keepalived服务

yum install keepalived -y

4.3修改配置文件

master节点

! Configuration File for keepalived
 
global_defs {                     # 接收邮件地址
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc     # 邮件发送地址
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1    #修改
   smtp_connect_timeout 30  
   router_id NGINX_MASTER  # #nginx01节点的为NGINX_MASTER，nginx02节点的为NGINX_BACKUP
}
   vrrp_script check_nginx {              #添加一个周期性执行的脚本
     script "/etc/nginx/check_nginx.sh"   #指定检查nginx存活的脚本路径
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER              #nginx01节点的为 MASTER，nginx02节点的为 BACKUP
    interface ens33           #指定网卡名称 ens33
    virtual_router_id 51      #指定vrid，两个节点要一致
    priority 100              #nginx01节点的为 100，nginx02节点的为 80
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
virtual_ipaddress {           #指定虚拟ip地址
        192.168.246.100/24
    }
 
    track_script {                   #指定vrrp_script配置的脚本
        check_nginx
    }
}

#!/bin/bash
killall -0 nginx
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi


chmod +x /etc/nginx/check_nginx.sh

#重启服务
systemctl restart keepalived.service
systemctl enable keepalived.service

4.4访问检测

4.5检测下是否高可用

虚拟ip又回到主7-7上面了

五、

iptables防火墙服务器，设置双网卡，并且配置SNAT和DNAT转换实现外网客户端可以通过12.0.0.1访问内网的Web服务。

iptables防火墙服务器

192.168.246.7

5.1防火墙服务器配置双网卡

5.1.1添加网卡

5.1.2修改地址

systemctl restart network

[root@localhost network-scripts]#iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ens36 -s 192.168.246.0/24 -j SNAT --to 12.0.0.1
[root@localhost network-scripts]#iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i ens36 -d 12.0.0.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 192.168.246.100:30000