1.前言
ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期和BeanFactory中的生命周期类似,不同的是,如果Bean实现了org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware接口,则会增加一个调用该接口方法setApplicationContext()的步骤。
此外,如果在配置文件中声明了工厂后处理器接口BeanFacotryPostProcessor的实现类,则应用上下文在装载配置文件后、初始化Bean实例之前将调用这些BeanFactoryPostProcessor对配置信息进行加工处理。Spring框架提供了多个工厂后处理器,如CustomEditorConfigurer、PopertyPlaceholderConfigurer等。如果在配置文件中定义了多个工厂后处理器,那么最好让它们实现org.springframework.core.Ordered接口,以便Spring以确定的顺序调用它们。工厂后处理器是容器级的,仅在应用上下文初始化时调用依次,其目的是完成一些配置文件的加工处理工作。
ApplicationContext和BeanFactory另一个最大的不同之处在于:前者会利用Java反射机制自动识别出配置文件中定义的BeanPostProcessor、InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor和BeanFactoryPostProcessor,并自动将它们注册到应用上下文中;而后者需要在代码中通过手工调用addBeanPostProcessor()方法进行注册。这也是为什么在应用开发时普遍使用ApplicationContext而很少使用BeanFactory的原因之一。
在ApplicationContext中,只需要在配置文件中通过<bean>定义工厂后处理器和Bean后处理器,它们就会按预期的方式运行。
2.创建Car类
首先,我们对上一篇文章中的Car类稍微修改以下,修改后的代码如下:
package com.example.servlet001.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.*;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
// 管理Bean生命周期的接口
public class Car implements BeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean, ApplicationContextAware {
private String brand;
private String color;
private int maxSpeed;
private BeanFactory beanFactory;
private String beanName;
public Car(){
System.out.println("调用Car()构造函数");
}
//InitializingBean接口方法
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()。");
}
//BeanNameAware接口方法
@Override
public void setBeanName(String s) {
System.out.println("调用BeanName.setBeanName().");
this.beanName=s;
}
//BeanFactoryAware接口方法
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()");
this.beanFactory=beanFactory;
}
//DisposableBean接口方法
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("调用DisposableBean.destroy()。");
}
//通过<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
public void myInit(){
System.out.println("调用init-method所指定的myInit(),将maxSpeed设置为240。");
this.maxSpeed=240;
}
//通过<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的销毁方法
public void myDestroy(){
System.out.println("调用destroy-method所指定的myDestroy()。");
}
public String getBrand(){
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand){
System.out.println("调用setBrand()设置属性。");
this.brand=brand;
}
public String getColor(){
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color){
this.color=color;
}
public int getMaxSpeed(){
return maxSpeed;
}
public void setMaxSpeed(int maxSpeed){
this.maxSpeed=maxSpeed;
}
public void introduce(){
System.out.println("brand:"+brand+";color:"+color+";maxSpeed:"+maxSpeed);
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("这是ApplicationContextAware的setApplicationContext()方法");
}
}
3.定义工厂后处理器
定义一个工厂后处理器,MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor.java,该类的代码如下:
package com.example.servlet001;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
/**
* 工厂后处理器
*/
public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
//对car的brand属性配置信息进行“偷梁换柱”的加工操作
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory bf) throws BeansException {
BeanDefinition bd=bf.getBeanDefinition("car1");
bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("brand","奇瑞QQ");
System.out.println("调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory()");
}
}
ApplicationContext在启动时,将首先为配置文件中的每个<bean>生成一个BeanDefinition对象,BeanDefinition是<bean>在Spring容器中的内部表示。当配置文件中所有的<bean>都被解析成BeanDefinition时,ApplicationContext将调用工厂后处理器的方法,因此,有机会通过程序的方式调整Bean的配置信息。在该后处理器中,将car1对应的BeanDefinition进行调整,将brand属性设置为“奇瑞QQ” 。
4.BeanPostProcessror实现类
此外,还提供了一个BeanPostProcessror实现类,在该类中仅对car Bean进行处理,对配置文件所提供的属性设置值进行判断,并执行相应的“查漏补缺”操作,MyBeanPostProcessor.java的代码如下图所示:
package com.example.servlet001;
import com.example.servlet001.bean.Car;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
if(s.equals("car1")){
Car car = (Car)o;
if(car.getColor() == null){
System.out.println("调用MyBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(),color为空,设置为默认黑色。");
car.setColor("黑色");
}
}
return o;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
if(s.equals("car1")){
Car car = (Car)o;
if(car.getMaxSpeed() >= 200){
System.out.println("调用MyBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(),将maxSpeed调整为200。");
car.setMaxSpeed(200);
}
}
return o;
}
}
5.容器级后处理器
MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.java代码如下
package com.example.servlet001;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if("car1".equals(beanName)){
System.out.println("MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInstantiation");
}
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if("car1".equals(beanName)){
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation");
}
return true;
}
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if("car1".equals(beanName)){
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues");
}
return pvs;
}
}
6.配置文件
修改resource文件夹下的test.xml配置文件,xml配置文件的内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--这个brand属性的值将会被工厂处理器更改掉-->
<bean id="car1" name="car1" class="com.example.servlet001.bean.Car"
init-method="myInit"
destroy-method="myDestroy"
p:brand="红旗"
p:maxSpeed="200"
/>
<!--容器级声明周期处理-->
<bean id="myInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="com.example.servlet001.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
<!--注册Bean后处理器-->
<bean id="myBeanPostProcessor"
class="com.example.servlet001.MyBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
<!--工厂后处理器-->
<bean id="myBeanFactoryPostProcessor"
class="com.example.servlet001.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor"></bean>
</beans>
7.结果验证
创建一个Demo1.java类来测试该配置的运行效果,Demo1.java代码如下图所示:
package com.example.servlet001;
import com.example.servlet001.bean.Car;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("test.xml");
Car car=(Car)ac.getBean("car1");
car.introduce();
}
}
点击运行后的结果如图所示