Spring Boot集成testcontainers快速入门Demo

news2024/11/16 21:33:35

1.什么是testcontainers？

Testcontainers 是一个用于创建临时 Docker 容器进行单元测试的 Java 库。当我们想要避免使用实际服务器进行测试时，它非常有用。，官网介绍称支持50多种组件。

应用场景

数据访问层集成测试：

使用MySQL，PostgreSQL或Oracle数据库的容器化实例测试您的数据访问层代码，但无需在开发人员的计算机上进行复杂的设置，并且测试将始终从已知的数据库状态开始，避免“垃圾”数据的干扰。也可以使用任何其他可以容器化的数据库类型。

应用程序集成测试：

用于在具有相关性（例如数据库，消息队列或Web服务器）的短期测试模式下运行应用程序。

UI /验收测试：

使用与Selenium兼容的容器化Web浏览器进行自动化UI测试。每个测试都可以获取浏览器的新实例，而无需担心浏览器状态，插件版本或浏览器自动升级。您将获得每个测试会话或测试失败的视频记录。

2.代码工程

实验目的：在 Spring Boot 中使用 Testcontainers 测试 Redis。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.et</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>testcontainers</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
            <artifactId>testcontainers</artifactId>
            <version>1.17.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

entity

package com.et.testcontainers.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisHash;

import java.io.Serializable;

@RedisHash("product")
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
public class Product implements Serializable {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private double price;


}

service

package com.et.testcontainers.service;

import com.et.testcontainers.Repository.ProductRepository;
import com.et.testcontainers.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;


    public Product getProduct(String id) {
        return productRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
    }


    public void createProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.save(product);
    }
}

Repository

package com.et.testcontainers.Repository;

import com.et.testcontainers.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface ProductRepository extends CrudRepository<Product, String> {
}

appliication.properties

spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
spring.redis.port=6379

启动类

package com.et.testcontainers;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
   }
}

以上只是一些关键代码，所有代码请参见下面代码仓库

代码仓库

GitHub - Harries/springboot-demo: a simple springboot demo with some components for example: redis,solr,rockmq and so on.

3.测试

编写测试类

package com.et.testcontainers;

import com.et.testcontainers.entity.Product;
import com.et.testcontainers.service.ProductService;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer;
import org.testcontainers.utility.DockerImageName;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class)
public class DemoTests {
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoTests.class);
    @Autowired
    ProductService productService;

    @Before
    public void before()  {
        log.info("init some data");
    }
    @After
    public void after(){
        log.info("clean some data");
    }
    @Test
    public void execute()  {
        log.info("your method test Code");
    }
    static {
        GenericContainer<?> redis =
                new GenericContainer<>(DockerImageName.parse("redis:5.0.3-alpine")).withExposedPorts(6379);
        redis.start();
        log.info(redis.getHost());
        log.info(redis.getMappedPort(6379).toString());
        System.setProperty("spring.redis.host", redis.getHost());
        System.setProperty("spring.redis.port", redis.getMappedPort(6379).toString());
    }
    @Test
    public void givenProductCreated_whenGettingProductById_thenProductExistsAndHasSameProperties() {
        Product product = new Product("1", "Test Product", 10.0);
        productService.createProduct(product);
        Product productFromDb = productService.getProduct("1");
        assertEquals("1", productFromDb.getId());
        assertEquals("Test Product", productFromDb.getName());
        assertEquals(10.0, productFromDb.getPrice(),0.001);
    }
}

执行测试用例，全部通过，这样就可以脱离实际环境测试我们的代码，每次也不用因为环境不对而跳过单元测试