一：话不多说，直接上脚本

#!/bin/bash

# 用户名和密码配置
USERNAME="root"
PASSWORD="123456"
NEW_ROOT_PASSWORD='root@123'

# 转义新的 root 密码以安全地传递给远程 shell
ESCAPED_PASSWORD=$(printf '%q' "$NEW_ROOT_PASSWORD")

# 主机列表
HOSTS=(
  192.168.60.36,
  192.168.60.37,
  192.168.60.38,
)

# SSH 免密登录设置
for HOST in "${HOSTS[@]}"; do
    echo "Setting up key-based SSH for ${HOST}..."
    sshpass -p "${PASSWORD}" ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no "${USERNAME}@${HOST}"
done

# 允许 root 登录并设置 root 密码

for HOST in "${HOSTS[@]}"; do
    echo "Configuring ${HOST} to allow root login and setting new root password..."
    ssh -t "${USERNAME}@${HOST}" "echo '${PASSWORD}' | sudo -S sh -c 'sed -i \"s/^#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/\" /etc/ssh/sshd_config; echo root:${ESCAPED_PASSWORD} | chpasswd; service sshd restart'"
    # 获取 IP 地址的最后一位
    LAST_OCTET=$(echo "$HOST" | grep -oP '\.\K\d+$')
    # 设置主机名为 node-<last_octet>
    NEW_HOSTNAME="node-$LAST_OCTET"
    echo "————————————设置root免密——————"
    sshpass -p "$NEW_ROOT_PASSWORD" ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub "root@$HOST"
    echo "——————————设置主机hostname——————————"
    ssh -t "root@$HOST" "echo '${NEW_ROOT_PASSWORD}' | sudo -S hostnamectl set-hostname $NEW_HOSTNAME"
  done

二：执行结果