Vue3—router（安装、路由跳转、路由守卫、本地存储）

基础使用

安装

npm install vue-router@4

创建路由

src/router/index.js，没有则新建

import {createRouter, createWebHistory, createWebHashHistory} from "vue-router";

// 引入自定义的组件
import HelloWorld from "../components/HelloWorld.vue";
import Aboutview from "../views/AboutView.vue";

const routes = [
    {path: '/', name: 'home', component: HelloWorld},
    {path: '/about', name: 'about', component: Aboutview},
]

const router = createRouter({
    routes,
    history:createWebHistory()
})

export default router

• createWebHistory：History模式创建路由
• createWebHashHistory：Hash模式创建路由

// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import './style.css'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from "./router/index.js";

createApp(App).use(router).mount('#app')

• createApp(App).use(router).mount('#app')是链式调用写法

路由跳转

无参跳转

js写法

<template>
  <div class="card">
    <router-link to="/about">
      <button>点我跳转到About组件</button>
    </router-link>
  </div>
</template>

html写法

<script setup>
import {useRouter} from "vue-router";
const router = useRouter()

function toAbout() {
  router.push('/about')
}

</script>

<template>
  <div class="card">
      <button @click="toAbout">
        点我跳转到About组件
      </button>
  </div>
</template>

有参跳转

query

• 有参跳转的to需要在前面加上:，这样才能被vue识别为对象

<script setup>
import {useRouter} from "vue-router";
const router = useRouter()

function toAbout() {
  router.push({
    name:'about',
    query:{id:1}
  })
}

</script>

<template>
  <div class="card">
      // js写法
      <button @click="toAbout">
        点我跳转到About组件
      </button>

	// html写法
    <router-link :to="{name:'about',query:{id:1}}">
      <button>我也能跳转About组件</button>
    </router-link>
  </div>
</template>

其他路由取出参数

• 注意这里导入的是useRoute不是useRouter

// about.vue
<script setup>
import {useRoute} from "vue-router";

const router = useRoute()
const id = router.query.id
</script>

<template>
<h1>{{ id }}</h1>
</template>

params

// src/router/index.js
import {createRouter, createWebHistory} from "vue-router";

import Aboutview from "../views/AboutView.vue";

const routes = [
    // 在参数前面加上':'
    {path: '/about/:id', name: 'about', component: Aboutview},
]

const router = createRouter({
    routes,
    history:createWebHistory()
})

export default router

<script setup>
import {useRouter} from "vue-router";
const router = useRouter()

function toAbout() {
  router.push({
    name:'about',
    params:{id:1}
  })
}

</script>

<template>
  <div class="card">
      // js写法
      <button @click="toAbout">
        点我跳转到About组件
      </button>

	// html写法
    <router-link :to="{name:'about',params:{id:1}}">
      <button>我也能跳转About组件</button>
    </router-link>
  </div>
</template>

两者在浏览器url中的区别：

• query：http://localhost:5173/about?id=1
• params：http://localhost:5173/about/1

路由守卫

简单示例：

// src/router/index.js
import {createRouter, createWebHistory} from "vue-router";

const routes = [...]
const router = createRouter({...})

// 上面是注册路由的代码
router.beforeEach((to, from) => {
    // 当访问路由时没有携带token会直接alert 全局生效
    if (!localStorage.getItem('token')){
        alert('没有携带token')
    }
})
export default router

• 此时访问任意路由都会弹出警告

• 携带token后便能正常访问

额外：本地存储

sessionStorage

// 添加
sessionStorage.setItem('name', '张三')
// 获取
sessionStorage.getItem('name')
// 删除
sessionStorage.removeItem('name')
// 清除全部
sessionStorage.clear()

localStorage

// 添加
localStorage.setItem('name', '张三')
// 获取
localStorage.getItem('name')
// 删除
localStorage.removeItem('name')
// 清除全部
localStorage.clear()

cookie

使用cookie需要安装：

npm install vue-cookies

基础用法

注册：

// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueCookies from 'vue-cookies';

createApp(App).use(VueCookies).mount('#app')

增删查：

<script setup>
import {inject} from "vue";

const $cookies = inject('$cookies')

// 添加
$cookies.set("name", '陈五','1h')
// 查询
$cookies.get("name", '陈五','1h')
// 删除
$cookies.remove("name", '陈五','1h')

inject 用于在子组件中从父组件或根组件中注入已经创建的实例，如果不想使用也可以直接引入 VueCookies实例

<script setup>
import VueCookies from "vue-cookies";

const $cookies = VueCookies
// 添加
$cookies.set("name", '陈五','1h')
</script>

示例

在main.js引入VueCookies并use

// main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import './style.css'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from "./router/index.js";
import VueCookies from 'vue-cookies';

createApp(App).use(VueCookies).use(router).mount('#app')

存入cookie并跳转到about组件

<script setup>
import {useRouter} from "vue-router";
import {inject} from "vue";
import VueCookies from "vue-cookies";

const router = useRouter()
const $cookies = inject('$cookies');

function setToken() {
  // 添加
  $cookies.set("name", '陈五','1h')
  router.push('about')
}
</script>

<template>
  <div class="card">
      <button @click="setToken">
        点我跳转到About组件
      </button>
  </div>
</template>

取出cookie并渲染到模版

<script setup>
import VueCookies from 'vue-cookies'
import {inject} from "vue";

const $cookies = inject('$cookies');
const name = $cookies.get('name')

</script>

<template>
<h1>{{ name }}</h1>
</template>
card">
      <button @click="setToken">
        点我跳转到About组件
      </button>
  </div>
</template>

取出cookie并渲染到模版

<script setup>
import VueCookies from 'vue-cookies'
import {inject} from "vue";

const $cookies = inject('$cookies');
const name = $cookies.get('name')

</script>

<template>
<h1>{{ name }}</h1>
</template>