Kubernetes的Ingress Controller

前言

Kubernetes暴露服务的方式有一下几种：LoadBlancer Service、ExternalName、NodePort Service、Ingress，使用四层负载均衡调度器Service时，当客户端访问kubernetes集群内部的应用时，数据包的走向如下面流程所示：Client——>NodeIp:Port——>ServiceIp:Port——>PodIp:Port。四层代理的时候我们需要在服务暴露端口，过多的业务暴露过多的端口对服务器来说是一种安全风险。

Ingress是Kubernetes中的一个AP对象，属于七层代理用于管理HTTP和HTTPS流量的路由规则。它充当了集群内部服务与外部流量之间的网关，允许将外部请求路由到集群内部的不同服务上。他有多种控制器如：NGINX Ingress Controller、Traefik Ingress Controller、HAProxy Ingress Controller、Contour Ingress Controller等。

NGINX Ingress Controller

Ingress-nginx是将Nginx的配置抽象成一个Ingress对象，每添加一个新的服务只需写一个新的Ingress的yaml文件。它的工作原理是：

ingress controller通过和kubernetes api交互，动态的去感知集群中Ingress规则变化。
然后读取它，按照自定义的规则，规则就是写明了哪个域名对应哪个service，生成一段nginx配置.
再写到nginx-ingress-control的pod里，这个Ingress controller的pod里运行着一个Nginx服务，控制器会把生成的nginx配置写入nginx的配置文件中。
然后reload一下使配置生效。以此达到域名分配置和动态更新的问题。

部署Ingress Controller

官方地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
镜像下载代理地址：https://dockerproxy.com/

部署文件路径：ingress-nginx-release-1.10\deploy\static\provider\baremetal\delop.yaml（我是从Github把包下载下来了）

官方Kubernetes和Ingress的版本对应：
在这里插入图片描述

我的Kubernetes是1.28.7所以选择了ingress-nginx-release-1.10。

修改YAML文件Service部分，它有两个Service修改类型为type:NodePort部分的Service如下

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - appProtocol: http
    name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: http
    nodePort: 30080
  - appProtocol: https
    name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
    nodePort: 30443
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  type: NodePort

修改镜像image,文件中有三个image位置共两个镜像

#image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.10.0@sha256:42b3f0e5d0846876b1791cd3afeb5f1cbbe4259d6f35651dcc1b5c980925379c
image: k8s.dockerproxy.com/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.10.0

#image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.0@sha256:44d1d0e9f19c63f58b380c5fddaca7cf22c7cee564adeff365225a5df5ef3334
image: k8s.dockerproxy.com/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.0

修改完成的YAML:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  name: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
automountServiceAccountToken: true
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - pods
  - secrets
  - endpoints
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingressclasses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resourceNames:
  - ingress-nginx-leader
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - discovery.k8s.io
  resources:
  - endpointslices
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - secrets
  verbs:
  - get
  - create
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - endpoints
  - nodes
  - pods
  - secrets
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingressclasses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - discovery.k8s.io
  resources:
  - endpointslices
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - admissionregistration.k8s.io
  resources:
  - validatingwebhookconfigurations
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
  allow-snippet-annotations: "false"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - appProtocol: http
    name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: http
    nodePort: 30080
  - appProtocol: https
    name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
    nodePort: 30443
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - appProtocol: https
    name: https-webhook
    port: 443
    targetPort: webhook
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 0
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - /nginx-ingress-controller
        - --election-id=ingress-nginx-leader
        - --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx
        - --ingress-class=nginx
        - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
        - --validating-webhook=:8443
        - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
        - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
        - --enable-metrics=false
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: LD_PRELOAD
          value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
        #image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.10.0@sha256:42b3f0e5d0846876b1791cd3afeb5f1cbbe4259d6f35651dcc1b5c980925379c
        image: k8s.dockerproxy.com/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.10.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /wait-shutdown
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 5
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        name: controller
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: http
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 443
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 8443
          name: webhook
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 90Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - ALL
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 101
          seccompProfile:
            type: RuntimeDefault
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
          name: webhook-cert
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /etc/localtime
          name: time
          readOnly: true
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
      - name: webhook-cert
        secret:
          secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
      - name: time 
        hostPath: 
          path: /etc/localtime
          type: File
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - create
        - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
        - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        #image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.0@sha256:44d1d0e9f19c63f58b380c5fddaca7cf22c7cee564adeff365225a5df5ef3334
        image: k8s.dockerproxy.com/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: create
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 65532
          seccompProfile:
            type: RuntimeDefault
        volumeMounts:      
        - mountPath: /etc/localtime
          name: time
          readOnly: true
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      volumes:
      - name: time 
        hostPath: 
          path: /etc/localtime
          type: File
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - patch
        - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --patch-mutating=false
        - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        - --patch-failure-policy=Fail
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        #image: registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.0@sha256:44d1d0e9f19c63f58b380c5fddaca7cf22c7cee564adeff365225a5df5ef3334
        image: k8s.dockerproxy.com/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: patch
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 65532
          seccompProfile:
            type: RuntimeDefault
        volumeMounts:      
        - mountPath: /etc/localtime
          name: time
          readOnly: true
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      volumes:
      - name: time 
        hostPath: 
          path: /etc/localtime
          type: File
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: IngressClass
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: nginx
spec:
  controller: k8s.io/ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.10.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
- admissionReviewVersions:
  - v1
  clientConfig:
    service:
      name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
      namespace: ingress-nginx
      path: /networking/v1/ingresses
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchPolicy: Equivalent
  name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
  rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - networking.k8s.io
    apiVersions:
    - v1
    operations:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    resources:
    - ingresses
  sideEffects: None

部署完成查看状态：

[root@master back]# kubectl get svc,pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
service/ingress-nginx-controller             NodePort    10.100.169.162   <none>        80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP   5h41m
service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP   10.100.239.92    <none>        443/TCP                      5h41m

NAME                                            READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
pod/ingress-nginx-admission-create-5rgbk        0/1     Completed   0          5h41m
pod/ingress-nginx-admission-patch-9glvg         0/1     Completed   0          5h41m
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-7b498f7d8c-7j2qd   1/1     Running     0          5h41m

创建Ingress资源

Ingress资源是基于HTTP虚拟主机或URL的转发规则，需要强调的是，这是一条转发规则。它在资源配置清单中的spec字段中嵌套了rules、backend和tls等字段进行定义。

rules：用于定义当前Ingress资源的转发规则列表；由rules定义规则，或没有匹配到规则时，所有的流量会转发到由backend定义的默认后端。它是一个对象列表。
backend：默认的后端用于服务那些没有匹配到任何规则的请求；定义Ingress资源时，必须要定义backend或rules两者之一，该字段用于让负载均衡器指定一个全局默认的后端。
tls：TLS配置，目前仅支持通过默认端口443提供服务，如果要配置指定的列表成员指向不同的主机，则需要通过SNI TLS扩展机制来支持该功能。

部署一个Delopment的nginx服务

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: nginx-test
  namespace: default
spec:
  ports:
  - name: nginx 
    targetPort: 80
    port: 80
  selector:
    ser: nginx-test

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-dy
  labels:
    web: nginx
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    dac: " image version to v1.0"
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 10
  #新创建的Pod成为就绪状态之前，Deployment控制器等待的最短时间（秒数）。确保Pod中的业务程序能正常工作之前有做狗的时候完成初始化和准备工作。
  paused: false
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 60
  #该字段用于指定部署操作的进度检查的超时时间（以秒为单位）。这个字段的作用是为了确保部署操作能够在指定的时间内完成，并在超时后进行相应的处理。
  replicas: 4
  revisionHistoryLimit: 5
  #该用于指定要保留的 Deployment 版本历史记录的最大数量。Deployment 版本历史记录包含了过去创建的每个 Deployment 的详细信息，包括创建时间、更新时间、副本数量等。
  #如果设置为 0，则不会保留任何历史记录；如果设置为负值，则表示将保留所有历史记录。
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      ser: nginx-test
  strategy:
  #定义滚动更新策略
    type: RollingUpdate
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      name: nginx
      #namespeace
      labels:
        ser: nginx-test
    spec:
      # nodeSelector:
      #   app: to
      hostname: nginx-dy
      containers:
      - image: docker.io/library/nginx:v1
        name: nginx-dy
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - name: nginx-post
          containerPort: 80
        # volumeMounts:
        # - name: nginx-conf
        #   mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d
        #   readOnly: false
        #   #为true为只读方式挂载
      # volumes:
      # - name: nginx-conf
      #   emptyDir: {}

部署Igress

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1        #api版本
kind: Ingress           #清单类型
metadata:                       #元数据
  name: ingress-my   #ingress的名称
  namespace: default     #所属名称空间
spec:      
  ingressClassName: nginx
  # tls:
  # - hosts: 
  #   - nginx.bwk.com
  #   secretName: nginx-ingress-secret
  rules:   #定义后端转发的规则
  - host: nginx.bwk.com    #通过域名进行转发
    http:
      paths:       
      - path: /   #配置访问路径（客户端的访问，请求的路径），如果通过url进行转发，需要修改；空默认为访问的路径为"/"
        pathType: Prefix  #   匹配的方式  
        backend:    #配置后端服务
          service:
            name: nginx-test
            port:
              number: 80

ingress.spec.rules.http.paths.path和ingress.spec.rules.http.paths.pathType两个字段定义的是客户端的访问请求的路径和路径的匹配方式。
ingress.spec.rules.http.paths.pathType路径的匹配方式：

Prefix（前缀匹配）：当请求的路径以指定的路径前缀开头时，将匹配该路径规则。例如：/app、/app/subpath 等都将匹配/app的前缀路径规则。
Exact（完全匹配）：只有当请求的路径与指定的路径完全相同时，才会匹配该路径规则。例如：只有请求的路径是/app时才会匹配/app的完全路径规则。
ImplementationSpecific 时，Ingress控制器会根据其特定的实现逻辑来确定如何匹配请求的路径。这意味着路径的匹配方式可能因不同的Ingress控制器而异。
ingressClassName：Ingress控制器。此处用的是NGINX Ingress Controller。

配置一个虚拟域名nginx.bwk.com。

部署后访问测试：

[root@localhost k8s]# curl nginx.bwk.com:30080
v1

nginx页面进行了修改访问结果就是V1

部署TLS Igress

创建Secret

openssl genrsa -out tls.key 2048
openssl req -new -x509 -key ./tls.key -out tls.crt -subj /C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=DevOps/CN=nginx.bwk.com
kubectl create secret tls nginx-ingress-secret --cert=./tls.crt --key=./tls.key

查看Secret

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe secret nginx-ingress-secret
Name:         nginx-ingress-secret
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  kubernetes.io/tls

Data
====
tls.crt:  1285 bytes
tls.key:  1679 bytes
[root@master ~]#

部署ingress

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1        #api版本
kind: Ingress           #清单类型
metadata:                       #元数据
  name: ingress-my   #ingress的名称
  namespace: default     #所属名称空间
spec:      
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts: 
    - nginx.bwk.com
    secretName: nginx-ingress-secret
  rules:   #定义后端转发的规则
  - host: nginx.bwk.com    #通过域名进行转发
    http:
      paths:       
      - path: /   #配置访问路径（客户端的访问，请求的路径），如果通过url进行转发，需要修改；空默认为访问的路径为"/"
        pathType: Prefix  #   匹配的方式  
        backend:    #配置后端服务
          service:
            name: nginx-test
            port:
              number: 80

去掉yaml文件的注释部署
部署测试拷贝证书到测试主机

[root@localhost home]# curl --cacert ./tls.crt  https://nginx.bwk.com:30443
v1