用grafana+prometheus+cadvisor监控容器指标数据，并查询当前容器的网速网络用量

news2025/2/2 20:44:02

前言

整理技术，在这篇文章中，将会搭建grafana+prometheus+cadvisor监控容器，并使用一个热门数据看板，再监控容器的性能指标

dashboard效果

这个是node-exporter采集到的数据，我没装node-exporter，而且这也不是本文的内容，所以这个看板就没东西
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这个是容器性能指标

这个性能指标里东西就比较多了

准备配置文件

docker-compose.yaml

version: "3"

services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    ports:
      - 3000:3000
    volumes:
      - ./grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana
    networks:
      custom-bridge:
    restart: unless-stopped
    logging:
      options:
        max-size: "10m"
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      custom-bridge:
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
      - ./prometheus_data:/prometheus
    ports:
      - 19090:9090
    logging:
      options:
        max-size: "10m"
  cadvisor:
    image: gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor:latest
    container_name: cadvisor
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      custom-bridge:
    volumes:
      - /:/rootfs:ro
      - /var/run:/var/run/:ro
      - /sys:/sys:ro
      - /var/lib/docker:/var/lib/docker:ro
    ports:
      - 9090:9090
    logging:
      options:
        max-size: "10m"
networks:
  custom-bridge:
    external: true

在拉取cadvisor镜像时可能遇到网络问题，解决方法是参考这篇文章：docker daemon配置网络代理

prometheus.yml

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: "prometheus"
    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"]

  - job_name: cadvisor
    scrape_interval: 5s
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - cadvisor:8080

创建数据文件夹并设置权限码

mkdir grafana-data
mkdir prometheus_data
chmod 777 grafana-data
chmod 777 prometheus_data

启动并进入grafana配置数据源

运行docker-compose up -d启动，启动后进入grafana网页端：http://pet.anarckk.me:3000/ ，默认账号密码是 admin/admin
点击add new connection
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搜索并选择prometheus

修改connection地址

最后测试并保存
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选择一个热门的dashboard引用过来

先创建一个dashboard
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再找一个热门的dashboard，我这里用的是 https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/16314-docker-container-os-node-node-exporter-cadvisor/ ，dashboard id 是 16314

选择import dashboard
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复制id进去，然后点击load

选择数据源prometheus, 最后再点击import

全部完成，到这里，就可以看到前面的dashboard效果了

prometheus也可以单独查询指定的指标

打开prometheus的网页端: http://pet.anarckk.me:19090/graph

# 查询容器的下行速度
rate(container_network_receive_bytes_total{name="alist"}[10s])
# 查询容器的上行速度
rate(container_network_transmit_bytes_total{name="alist"}[10s])

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