Python 解析CSV文件使用Matplotlib绘图

news2024/9/11 9:58:24

数据存储在CSV文件中，使用Matplotlib实现数据可视化。

CSV文件：comma-separated values，是在文件中存储一系列以‘，’分隔的值。

例如："0.0","2016-01-03","1","3","2016","Birmingham","BHM","Birmingham, AL","Alabama","39","46","32","33","4.33"

本文使用的CSV文件是一组天气数据。

Matplotlib绘图代码如下：

import csv
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']#为显示中文设置字体
from datetime import datetime

filename = 'data/weather.csv'
with open(filename) as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    header_row = next(reader)
    # for index,info in enumerate(header_row):
    #     print(index,info)
    # 0 Data.Precipitation
    # 1 Date.Full
    # 2 Date.Month
    # 3 Date.Week of
    # 4 Date.Year
    # 5 Station.City
    # 6 Station.Code
    # 7 Station.Location
    # 8 Station.State
    # 9 Data.Temperature.Avg Temp
    # 10 Data.Temperature.Max Temp
    # 11 Data.Temperature.Min Temp
    # 12 Data.Wind.Direction
    # 13 Data.Wind.Speed

    #从文件中获得特定地点Birmingham信息
    Birmingham_highs, Birmingham_lows= [],[]
    Birmingham_dates = []
    for row in reader:
        if row[5] == 'Birmingham':
            date = datetime.strptime(row[1], '%Y-%m-%d')
            high = int(row[10])
            low = int(row[11])
            Birmingham_dates.append(date)
            Birmingham_highs.append(high)
            Birmingham_lows.append(low)
            
plt.style.use('Solarize_Light2')
fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,6))#设置窗口尺寸
ax.plot(Birmingham_dates,Birmingham_highs,linewidth=3,c='red',alpha=0.5)#绘制最高温折线，红色，透明度0.5
ax.plot(Birmingham_dates,Birmingham_lows,linewidth=3,c='blue',alpha=0.5)#绘制最低温折线
ax.fill_between(Birmingham_dates,Birmingham_highs,Birmingham_lows,facecolor='yellow',alpha=0.1)#填充中间区域

ax.set_title('2016年-2017年Birmingham最高最低温度变化曲线',fontsize=24)
ax.set_xlabel('',fontsize=14)
fig.autofmt_xdate()#绘制倾斜的日期标签
ax.set_ylabel('温度（F）',fontsize=14)
ax.tick_params(axis='both',which='major',labelsize=14)

plt.savefig('Birmingham_temperature.png',bbox_inches='tight')#将绘制的图形保存为文件

plt.show()

运行结果如下：