一个简单的Web UI自动化测试框架Java实现

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简介

这个框架的名字叫OAT,全称Object-Oriented Automation Test.这个框架的思想借助于Tellurium框架.他的主要功能是将页面信息及行为存储在Java 对象中,然后在脚本中引用页面的行为.自动化程序最终由许多的页面行为组成.这个框架默认使用Selenium1驱动,并且可以通过编程使用其他驱动,因为OAT是面向接口的.

以下以google home page的demo为例,介绍这个基于Annoation和反射的框架基本运行原理.

page对象

//存储页面URL
@OatPage("webhp")
public class GooglePage extends Page{
@Element("q") // 搜索输入框的定位符
private TextField textField;
@Element("btnG") // 搜索按钮的定位符
private Button searchButton;
// TextField和Button有共同的祖先类Element
public TextField getTextField() {
return textField;
}
public Button getSearchButton() {
return searchButton;
}
//进行一次搜索
public void doSearch(String q){
this.textField.type(q);
this.searchButton.click();
}
}

TextField和button类

// Element子类,有自己独特的行为
public class TextField extends Element {
public void type(String value) {
vendor.type(locator, value);
}
public boolean idEditable(){
return vendor.isEditable(locator);
}
public String getValue() {
return vendor.getAttribute(locator);
}
}
// 同样是Element的子类,有自己行为
public class Button extends Element {
public void click() {
vendor.click(locator);
}
public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Page page){
click();
page.waitToLoad();
}
public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Page page, long timeout) {
click();
page.waitToLoad(timeout);
}
public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Element element, long timeout) {
click();
element.waitToLoad(timeout);
}
public void clickAndWaitToLoad(Element element) {
clickAndWaitToLoad(element, ELEMENT_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
}
}

自动化测试脚本代码

import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.DefaultSelenium;
import com.thoughtworks.selenium.Selenium;
public class GoogleSearchTestExample1 {
private String serverUrl = "localhost";
private int serverPort = 4444;
private String browserCommand = "googlechrome";
private String url = "http://www.google.com.hk";
private GooglePage page;
private GoogleResultPage resultPage;
private Selenium selenium;
private Oat oat;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
// 初始化selenium
selenium = new DefaultSelenium(serverUrl,serverPort,browserCommand, url);
// Oat类是框架总的控制器,设置Selenium为背后的驱动
oat = Oat.getInstance(selenium);
oat.start();
oat.open("/webhp");
// 初始化被测试页面
page = (GooglePage) oat.getPage(GooglePage.class);
resultPage = (GoogleResultPage) oat.getPage(GoogleResultPage.class);
}
@Test
public void testSearch() throws InterruptedException {
// 在google页面收入"oat"进行搜索
page.doSearch("oat");
page.waitToLoad(2000);
// 在结构页面进行验证
boolean result = resultPage.isTextPresent("oat");
Assert.assertTrue("Text oat is present", result);
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
oat.stop();
oat = null;
page = null;
selenium = null;
}
}

Oat.getInstance(Object engine):用于获取真正的Driver:

//可以根据传入的不同engine,实例化不同的Vendor
public static Oat getInstance(Object engine) {
if(instance == null) {
synchronized(Oat.class) {
if(instance == null) {
String vendorTypeStr = getVendorTypeStr();
try {
Class<?> vendorType = Class.forName(vendorTypeStr);
Vendor vendor = getVendor(vendorType, engine);
instance = new Oat();
instance.vendor = vendor;
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Not Found vendor " + vendorTypeStr, e);
}
}
}
}
return instance;
}

Oat.getPage()方法详解

public Page getPage(Class<? extends Page> pageType) {
Page page = null;
page = initialize(pageType);
page.setVendor(vendor);
}
private Page initialize(Class<? extends Page> pageType) {
//读取page类中的annotation
OatPage anno = pageType.getAnnotation(OatPage.class);
if(anno == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Please add com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.OatPage annotation in Page class!");
}
Page page = null;
try {
page = pageType.newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Page Class must have a non-parameter constructor.", e);
}
Class<?> tempType = pageType;
while(tempType != null) {
Field[] fields = tempType.getDeclaredFields();
for(Field field : fields ) {
com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.Element annotation =
field.getAnnotation(com.perficient.oat.component.annotaion.Element.class);
if(annotation == null) {
continue;
}
Class<?> fieldClazz = field.getType();
// 只处理Element的子类
Class<? extends Element> elementClazz = fieldClazz.asSubclass(Element.class);
String locator = annotation.value();
field.setAccessible(true);
//使用反射初始化Page类的各个Element子类,并赋予Locator值
try {
field.set(page, getElement(elementClazz, locator));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("set Element " + field.getName() + " error", e);
}
}
tempType = tempType.getSuperclass();
}
return page;
}
//用于初始化Page类中的各个Element子类
private Element getElement(Class<? extends Element> elementType, String locator) {
Element element = null;
try {
element = elementType.newInstance();
element.setLocator(locator);
element.setVendor(vendor);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return element;
}

以上就是一个完整的基于Selenium driver的框架实现.以下是我们的Vendor接口:

public interface Vendor {
public void start();
public void stop();
public void open(String url);
public void openWindow(String url, String windowId);
public void type(String locator, String value);
public void check(String locator);
public void uncheck(String locator);
public boolean isChecked(String locator);
public boolean isEditable(String locator);
public void select(String selectLocator, String optionLocator);
public String getSelectedLabel(String locator);
public String[] getSelectedLabels(String locator);
public boolean isSelected(String label);
public void submit(String formLocator);
public void click(String locator);
public boolean isTextPresent(String pattern);
public boolean isElementPresent(String locator);
public void waitForPageToLoad(String timeout);
public void windowFocus(String windowId);
public String getAttribute(String attributeLocator);
public String getTableCellValue(String locator, int row, int col);
public void waitForElementToLoad(String locator, String timeout);
public String getLocation();
}

以下是seleniumVendor的实现:

public class SeleniumVendor extends VendorTemplate<Selenium> {
@Override
protected Selenium createEngine(VendorAttribute attribute) {
return new DefaultSelenium(
attribute.getHost(),
attribute.getPort(),
attribute.getBrowser(),
attribute.getUrl());
}
@Override
public boolean isTextPresent(String pattern) {
return engine.isTextPresent(pattern);
}
@Override
public void open(String url) {
engine.open(url);
}
@Override
public void select(String selectLocator, String optionLocator) {
engine.select(selectLocator, optionLocator);
}
@Override
public void start() {
engine.start();
}
@Override
public void stop() {
engine.stop();
}
@Override
public void submit(String formLocator) {
engine.submit(formLocator);
}
@Override
public void type(String locator, String value) {
engine.type(locator, value);
}
@Override
public void click(String locator) {
engine.click(locator);
}
@Override
public void waitForPageToLoad(String timeout) {
engine.waitForPageToLoad(timeout);
}
@Override
public void windowFocus(String windowId) {
engine.selectWindow(windowId);
engine.windowFocus();
}
@Override
public void openWindow(String url, String windowId) {
engine.openWindow(url, windowId);
}
@Override
public void check(String locator) {
engine.check(locator);
}
@Override
public String getAttribute(String attributeLocator) {
return engine.getAttribute(attributeLocator);
}
@Override
public boolean isElementPresent(String locator) {
return engine.isElementPresent(locator);
}
@Override
public void uncheck(String locator) {
engine.uncheck(locator);
}
@Override
public boolean isChecked(String locator) {
return engine.isChecked(locator);
}
@Override
public String getSelectedLabel(String locator) {
return engine.getSelectedLabel(locator);
}
@Override
public String[] getSelectedLabels(String locator) {
return engine.getSelectedLabels(locator);
}
@Override
public boolean isSelected(String label) {
return engine.isSomethingSelected(label);
}
@Override
public boolean isEditable(String locator) {
return engine.isEditable(locator);
}
@Override
public String getTableCellValue(String locator, int row, int col) {
return engine.getTable(locator + "." + String.valueOf(row)+ "." +String.valueOf(col));
}
@Override
public void waitForElementToLoad(String locator, String timeout) {
String script = "selenium.isElementPresent(\"" + locator + "\")";
engine.waitForCondition(script, timeout);
}
@Override
public String getLocation() {
return engine.getLocation();
}
}