1.string的成员变量、(拷贝)构造、析构函数
1.1.成员变量
private:
char* _str;
size_t _size; //string中有效字符个数
size_t _capacity; //string中能存储有效字符个数的大小
1.2(拷贝)构造函数
//构造函数
string(const char* str = "")
{
//结尾处的'\0'不算做有效字符,
//所以在底层的空间上要多开一个字节的空间来存放'\0'
_size = strlen(str);
_str = new char[_size + 1];
//_capacity是能存储有效字符的大小,不包括'\0'
_capacity = _size;
strcpy(_str,str);
}
//拷贝构造
string(const string& s)
{
_str = new char[s._capacity+1];
strcpy(_str,s._str);
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}
1.3析构函数
//析构函数
~string()
{
delete[] _str;
_str = nullptr;
_capacity = _size = 0;
}
1.4赋值拷贝
//赋值拷贝
string& operator=(const string& s)
{
if (this != &s)
{
char * tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
strcpy(tmp, s._str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
_size = s._size;
_capacity = s._capacity;
}
return *this;
}
2.string的遍历
2.1下标遍历
//下标遍历
char& operator[](size_t pos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
const char& operator[](size_t pos) const
{
assert(pos < _size);
return _str[pos];
}
2.2迭代器遍历
范围for底层逻辑其实就是套用的迭代器,故我们不考虑范围for
//迭代器遍历
typedef char* iterator;
iterator begin()
{
return _str;
}
iterator end()
{
return _str+_size;
}
//迭代器指向的内容不能变
typedef const char* const_iterator;
const_iterator begin()const
{
return _str;
}
const_iterator end()const
{
return _str + _size;
}
3.string的增删查改
3.1尾插
//扩容
void reserve(size_t n)
{
if (n > _capacity)
{
char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
strcpy(tmp, _str);
delete[] _str;
_str = tmp;
_capacity = n;
}
}
//尾插
void push_back(char ch)
{
//判断是否扩容
if (_size = _capacity)
{
//需要注意capacity是否为0
size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * _capacity;
reserve(newcapacity);
}
_str[_size] = ch;
_str[++_size] = '\0';
}
void append(const char* str)
{
//判断是否扩容
size_t len = strlen(str);
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(_size+len);
}
strcpy(_str + _size, str);
_size += len;
}
string& operator+=(char ch)
{
push_back(ch);
return *this;
}
string& operator+=(const char* str)
{
append(str);
return *this;
}
3.2中间插入(头插)
//中间插入(头插)
string& insert(size_t pos, char c)
{
//判断是否越界
assert(pos <= _size);
//判断是否扩容
if (_size = _capacity)
{
//需要注意capacity是否为0
size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * _capacity;
reserve(newcapacity);
}
for (size_t end = _size + 1; end > pos; end--)
{
_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
}
_str[pos] = c;
++_size;
return *this;
}
string& insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
{
assert(pos <= _size);
size_t len = strlen(str);
//判断是否扩容
if (_size + len > _capacity)
{
reserve(_size + len);
}
//调整空间
for (size_t end = _size + len; end > pos; end--)
{
_str[end] = _str[end - len];
}
strncpy(_str + pos, str , len);
_size += len;
return *this;
}
3.3删除字符
//删除pos位置上的元素
string& erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
//pos以后的全部删除的情况
if (len == npos || _size - pos <= len )
{
_str[pos] = '\0';
_size = pos;
}
//删除部分的情况
else
{
size_t end = pos + len;
strcpy(_str + pos, _str + end);
_size = end;
}
return *this;
}
3.4查找字符/字符串
//查找字符
// 返回c在string中第一次出现的位置
size_t find(char c, size_t pos = 0) const
{
assert(pos < _size);
for (size_t i = pos; i < _size; i++)
{
if (_str[i] == 'c')
{
return i;
}
}
}
// 返回子串s在string中第一次出现的位置
size_t find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0) const
{
const char * ptr = strstr(_str+pos, str);
if (ptr == nullptr)
{
return npos;
}
else
{
return ptr - _str;
}
}
返回len长度的子串
string substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos)
//返回len长度的子串
string substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos)
{
assert(pos < _size);
size_t end = pos + len;
//取完的情况
if (len == npos || _size - pos <= len)
{
end = _size;
}
string s;
s.reserve(end - pos);
for (size_t i = pos; i < end; i++)
{
s += _str[i];
}
return s;
}
4.string的cout\cin
//cout\cin的重载
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
{
for (auto ch : s)
{
out << ch;
}
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
{
//清空字符串s
s.clear();
char ch = in.get();
char buff[128];
int i = 0;
while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
{
buff[i++] = ch;
if (i == 127)
{
buff[127] = '\0';
s += buff;
i = 0;
}
ch = in.get();
}
if (i > 0)
{
buff[i] = '\0';
s += buff;
}
return in;
}