Nginx 配置 SSL证书

成功配置SSL证书后，您将能够通过HTTPS加密通道安全访问Nginx服务器。

一、准备材料

SSL证书绑定的域名已完成DNS解析，即您的域名与主机IP地址相互映射。您可以通过DNS验证证书工具，检测域名DNS解析是否生效。具体操作：
【1】登录数字证书管理服务控制台。
【2】在左侧导航栏，选择证书工具 > DNS验证。
【3】在DNS页签，选择您域名所在的运营商和地域，并输入您的网站域名，单击立即检测。DNS检测结果列表中的解析结果与您在解析配置中的记录值一致时，代表解析正常生效。

已通过数字证书管理服务控制台签发证书。

在这里插入图片描述

已在Web服务器开放443端口（HTTPS通信的标准端口）： 如果您使用的是阿里云ECS服务器，请确保已经在安全组规则入方向添加TCP 443端口和TCP 80端口。

在这里插入图片描述

二、下载SSL证书

【1】登录数字证书管理服务控制台
【2】在左侧导航栏，单击SSL证书。
【3】在SSL证书页面，定位到目标证书，在操作列，单击下载。
【4】在服务器类型为Nginx的操作列，单击下载。

【5】解压缩已下载的SSL证书压缩包：根据您在提交证书申请时选择的CSR生成方式，解压缩获得的文件不同。证书文件（PEM格式）： Nginx支持安装PEM格式的文件，PEM格式的证书文件是采用Base64编码的文本文件，且包含完整证书链。解压后，该文件以证书ID_证书绑定域名命名。私钥文件（KEY格式）： 默认以证书绑定域名命名。

三、安装Nginx

已安装的可以忽略该步骤

直接在Linux服务上使用wget命令把Nginx安装包下载到/usr/local/目录中

wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

安装Nginx相关依赖

#安装nginx所需要的依赖包
yum install -y gcc-c++	zlib zlib-devel	openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel

安装Nginx：解压Nginx安装包

#解压安装包
tar -zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

进入解压之后的Nginx目录下：

#进入nginx目录
cd /usr/local/nginx

执行配置脚本，--prefix是指定安装目录

# 编译，执行配置: 考虑到后续安装ssl证书 添加两个模块
./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

编译安装

#对nginx编译和安装
make & make install

启动Nginx服务：安装好的Nginx服务在/usr/local/nginx下：

[root@xxx sbin]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/sbin

# 启动
./nginx

# 重启
./nginx -s reload

# 关闭
./nginx -s stop

# 或者，指定配置文件启动
./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

查看Nginx是否启动成功

[root@xxx sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root      1399  1320  0 Jan27 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
root      1574  1399  0 Jan27 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root      1575  1399  0 Jan27 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     20336     1  0 21:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody   20337 20336  0 21:21 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     20366 13337  0 21:21 pts/3    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

设置nginx的开机启动

vim /etc/rc.local
文本底部追加
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

编辑安装目录conf下的nginx.conf文件：

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  yourdomain.com; # 修改为你自己的域名或IP地址
    
    location / {
        root   /path/to/your/vuepress/site; # 修改为你的VuePress站点路径，也就是vue npm run build 打包后放置静态文件dist的路径
        index  index.html index.htm;
        
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }
}

三、在Nginx服务器安装证书

【1】执行以下命令，在Nginx的conf目录下创建一个cert用于存放证书的目录。

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf  --进入Nginx默认配置文件目录。该目录为手动编译安装Nginx时的默认目录，如果您修改过默认安装目录或使用其他方式安装，请根据实际配置调整。
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# cd cert/
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ cert]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Feb  8 18:29 it-blog-cn.com.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4772 Feb  8 18:29 it-blog-cn.com.pem

.pem：证书文件。PEM文件的扩展名为CRT格式。
.key：证书的密钥文件。申请证书时如果未选择自动创建CRS，则下载的证书文件压缩包中不会包含.key文件，需要您将自己手动常见的私钥文件拷贝到cert目录下。

【2】更改nginx.conf设置vim nginx.conf找到server块，将HTTPS server部分注释去掉【从需要删除的部分开始安装ctrl+v，然后ctrl+d删除】并修改：

    # HTTPS server
    # 将 it-blog-cn.com 修改为自己的域名

    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  it-blog-cn.com;

        ssl_certificate      /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.key;

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }

【3】通过nginx -t校验nginx文件语法。如果提示找不到证书文件，说明文件路径配置的不正确。

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] cannot load certificate "/usr/local/nginx/conf/it-blog-cn.com.pem": BIO_new_file() failed (SSL: error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:fopen('/usr/local/nginx/conf/it-blog-cn.com.pem','r') error:2006D080:BIO routines:BIO_new_file:no such file)

如果提示success，表示校验成功

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

【4】通过nginx -s reload重启nginx
【5】检查443端口

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# netstat -ntlp lgrep 443
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      20336/nginx: master

【5】查询防火墙的状态

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --state
running

查询防火墙是否放开了443端口，结果显示只有80端口

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --list-prots
80/tcp

打开443端口，完成后执行reload命令

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --zone=public --add-prot=443/toc --permanent
success
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --reload
success
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --list-ports
80/tcp 443/tcp

【6】执行echo命令在服务器上模拟客户端，将测试命令中的it-blog-cn更换为自己的域名。检查本地443端口加载的HTTPS服务以及证书是否正常。如下出现SSL-Session表示HTTPS服务正常运行，服务器配置的SSL证书是可用的。如果提示connect:errno=111表示没有服务，建议检查Nginx是否启动。

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# echo | openssl s_client -connect 127.0.0.1:443 -servername it-blog.cn 2>/dev/null
CONNECTED(00000003)
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/CN=uat.bestcms.net
   i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1
 1 s:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1
   i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert Global Root CA
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/CN=uat.bestcms.net
issuer=/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA256
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 3416 bytes and written 434 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    Session-ID: 79CEF4E325845ED2B21C77C85FFF4B01B68B72362EE14A05C354E65C074F166D
    Session-ID-ctx: 
    Master-Key: 48EE5A3E66D294F5F9B7F2A04EE6A58A7D8CF1211C103B86F31231BAC30BA63325A1200A7915D7B556F516E215848F65
    Key-Arg   : None
    Krb5 Principal: None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
    TLS session ticket:
    0000 - 8b c1 a2 a1 8e cd 5d 7b-f9 1e d0 0a d7 44 2b 89   ......]{.....D+.
    0010 - 09 f3 f4 4d 98 74 37 b7-57 cf ab e2 a5 ed 90 1e   ...M.t7.W.......
    0020 - 9d 4a 9b 2b fa 07 cd 51-d1 bd 4c 8c 41 be 8f 39   .J.+...Q..L.A..9
    0030 - b8 4d 25 0e e7 0d 67 6a-0e a2 56 4c ea ad 38 63   .M%...gj..VL..8c
    0040 - 14 ed ed d0 2a 13 11 6a-81 0c e9 ae 10 3e f1 1c   ....*..j.....>..
    0050 - 22 08 9c 1e 7e 11 80 0f-00 61 38 85 6c da 28 b7   "...~....a8.l.(.
    0060 - f8 82 06 ea 80 12 cd a7-27 18 45 c1 84 97 07 13   ........'.E.....
    0070 - 9c 41 82 35 14 80 e4 de-8e ee cb af 55 4e 3e 59   .A.5........UN>Y
    0080 - 23 ad 6d cb 25 e1 fc 25-7b 3a cb f7 e7 e7 0c 48   #.m.%..%{:.....H
    0090 - 49 bf a8 fb 44 fc de 03-9f a4 f5 40 a7 0a ea 7e   I...D......@...~
    00a0 - 61 ab 50 87 1e 6a 5f 92-45 26 25 73 5c 06 0d b4   a.P..j_.E&%s\...
    00b0 - ed 8c cd 01 e4 86 9c 00-ab 42 22 b1 15 5e c4 ed   .........B"..^..

    Start Time: 1707407211
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 10 (certificate has expired)
---

四、更新ECS安全组

放行TCP协议443端口的入方向请求，并在浏览器端通过HTTPS访问域名成功。

五、HTTP 强制跳转 HTTPS

修改nginx.conf

[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# vim nginx.conf

在80端口下方添加rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;，并通过nginx -t校验语法，并通过nginx -s reload重新启动nginx

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;

    rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;

六、Nginx 配置文件

nginx.conf配置全文

#user  nobody;

worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
        server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  it-blog-cn.com;

        rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;
        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
                proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/; #代理的地址和端口
                client_max_body_size 100M;

                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $host;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
                   #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

    # HTTPS server
    #

    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  it-blog-cn.com;

        ssl_certificate     /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.key;

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        location / {

            root   html;

            index  index.html index.htm;

        }
    }
}