在本篇博客中，定义的字符串为索引1为起始下标。

1.串的定义

#define MAXLEN 255  //预定义最大串长255
typedef struct {
	char ch[MAXLEN];  //每个分量存储一个字符
	int length;       //串的实际长度
}SString;

2. 赋值操作

bool StrAssign(SString &T)
{
	//将字符串charts存放到定义的字符串中
	char arr[10] = "charts";
	int lenArr = strlen(arr);
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < lenArr; ++i)
	{
		T.ch[i + 1] = arr[i];
		T.length++;
	}
	T.ch[i+1] = 0;
	return true;
}

3.字符串复制操作

bool StrCopy(SString S)
{
	char arr[10] = { 0 };
	//将字符串S中的值复制到arr中
	int i = 0;
	while (arr[i] = S.ch[i + 1])
	{
		i++;
	}
	//打印arr查看复制的结果
	int lenArr = strlen(arr);
	cout << "复制字符串arr的结果：";
	for (int i = 0; i < lenArr; ++i)
	{
		cout << arr[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
	return true;
}

4.判断空

bool StrEmpty(SString S)
{
	if (S.length == 0)
		return true;
	return false;
}

5.比较操作

int StrCompare(SString S)
{
	char T[10] = "chaabc";
	//若S>T，返回值1
	//若S==T，返回值0
	//若S<T，返回值-1
	int i = 0;
	while (T[i] == S.ch[i + 1])
	{
		i++;
	}
	if (S.ch[i + 1] > T[i])
		return 1;
	else if (S.ch[i + 1] == T[i])
		return 0;
	else
		return -1;

}

6.求串的长度

int StrLength(SString S)
{
	return S.length;
}

7.打印全部元素

void PrintSString(SString S)
{
	for (int i = 1; i <= S.length; ++i)
	{
		cout << S.ch[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
}

8.求字串

int SubString(int &Sub,SString S)
{
	char pos[] = "ar";
	int lenPos = strlen(pos);
	int i = 1, j = 0;
	while (i <= S.length && j < lenPos)
	{
		if (S.ch[i] == pos[j])
		{
			++i;
			++j;   //继续比较后续字符串
		}
		else {
			i = i - j + 1;
			j = 0;
		}
	}
	if (j >= lenPos)
	{
		Sub =  i - lenPos;
	}
	else
	{
		Sub = -1;
	}
		
	return Sub;
}

9.串拼接

void Concat(char s1[], char s2[])
{
	int i = 0, j = 0;;
	char T[30] = { 0 };
	while (T[i] = s1[i])
	{
		i++;
	}
	while (T[i] = s2[j])
	{
		i++,j++;
	}
	cout << "拼接后的字符出：";
	printf("%s", T);
	cout << endl;
}

10.清空操作

bool ClearString(SString S)
{
	S.length = 0;
	return true;
}

11.源代码

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXLEN 255  //预定义最大串长255
typedef struct {
	char ch[MAXLEN];  //每个分量存储一个字符
	int length;       //串的实际长度
}SString;


//赋值操作
bool StrAssign(SString &T)
{
	//将字符串charts存放到定义的字符串中
	char arr[10] = "charts";
	int lenArr = strlen(arr);
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < lenArr; ++i)
	{
		T.ch[i + 1] = arr[i];
		T.length++;
	}
	T.ch[i+1] = 0;
	return true;
}

//字符串复制操作
bool StrCopy(SString S)
{
	char arr[10] = { 0 };
	//将字符串S中的值复制到arr中
	int i = 0;
	while (arr[i] = S.ch[i + 1])
	{
		i++;
	}
	//打印arr查看复制的结果
	int lenArr = strlen(arr);
	cout << "复制字符串arr的结果：";
	for (int i = 0; i < lenArr; ++i)
	{
		cout << arr[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
	return true;
}
//判断空
bool StrEmpty(SString S)
{
	if (S.length == 0)
		return true;
	return false;
}

//比较操作
int StrCompare(SString S)
{
	char T[10] = "chaabc";
	//若S>T，返回值1
	//若S==T，返回值0
	//若S<T，返回值-1
	int i = 0;
	while (T[i] == S.ch[i + 1])
	{
		i++;
	}
	if (S.ch[i + 1] > T[i])
		return 1;
	else if (S.ch[i + 1] == T[i])
		return 0;
	else
		return -1;

}

//求串的长度
int StrLength(SString S)
{
	return S.length;
}
//打印全部元素
void PrintSString(SString S)
{
	for (int i = 1; i <= S.length; ++i)
	{
		cout << S.ch[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
}

//求字串
int SubString(int &Sub,SString S)
{
	char pos[] = "ar";
	int lenPos = strlen(pos);
	int i = 1, j = 0;
	while (i <= S.length && j < lenPos)
	{
		if (S.ch[i] == pos[j])
		{
			++i;
			++j;   //继续比较后续字符串
		}
		else {
			i = i - j + 1;
			j = 0;
		}
	}
	if (j >= lenPos)
	{
		Sub =  i - lenPos;
	}
	else
	{
		Sub = -1;
	}
		
	return Sub;
}

//串拼接
void Concat(char s1[], char s2[])
{
	int i = 0, j = 0;;
	char T[30] = { 0 };
	while (T[i] = s1[i])
	{
		i++;
	}
	while (T[i] = s2[j])
	{
		i++,j++;
	}
	cout << "拼接后的字符出：";
	printf("%s", T);
	cout << endl;
}

//清空操作
bool ClearString(SString S)
{
	S.length = 0;
	return true;
}

int main()
{
	

	SString S;
	S.length = 0;
	//字符串的第一个位置存放字符串的长度
	S.ch[0] = S.length;

	//赋值操作
	StrAssign(S);

	cout << "字符串为：";
	PrintSString(S);
	cout << "字符串长度：" << S.length << endl;

	//字符串复制操作
	StrCopy(S);

	//判断空
	cout<<"字符串" << (StrEmpty(S)?"不为" : "为") << "空"<<endl;

	//比较操作
	int tmp = StrCompare(S);
	cout << "比较操作结果：" << tmp << endl;

	//求串的长度
	int len = StrLength(S);
	cout << "字符串长度：" << len << endl;

	//求字串
	int Sub = 0;
	SubString(Sub, S);
	cout << "字串索引为：" << Sub<<endl;

	//串拼接
	char s1[15] = "Hello ";
	char s2[15] = "World!";
	Concat(s1, s2);

	//清空操作
	ClearString(S);

	
	return 0;
}

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