BIO和NIO编程(待完善)

news2024/12/22 15:04:06

IO模型

BIO

NIO

常见问题

IO模型

Java共支持3种网络编程IO模式：BIO，NIO，AIO

BIO

同步阻塞模型，一个客户端连接对应一个处理线程

代码示例：

Server端：

public class BioServer {

    private static ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
        System.out.println("服务器启动成功");
        while (true) {
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
            System.out.println("客户端连接成功");
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                     BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()))) {
                    String message;
                    while ((message = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        System.out.println("收到消息: " + message);
                        writer.write("已收到消息: " + message);
                        writer.newLine();
                        writer.flush();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

Client端：

public class BioClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 8888);
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
        BufferedReader consoleReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String message;
        while ((message = consoleReader.readLine()) != null) {
            writer.write(message);
            writer.newLine();
            writer.flush();
            System.out.println("发送消息: " + message);
            System.out.println("收到回复: " + reader.readLine());
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

执行结果：

存在问题：

IO操作是阻塞操作，连接时读写会造成线程阻塞
线程太多会造成CPU异常

应用场景：

BIO 方式适用连接数较小且固定的架构，这种方式对服务器资源要求比较高，但代码简单易理解。

NIO

同步非阻塞，服务器实现模式为一个线程可以处理多个请求(连接)，客户端发送的连接请求都会注册到多路复用器selector上，多路复用器轮询到连接有IO请求就进行处理，JDK1.4开始引入。

应用场景：

NIO方式适用于连接数目多且连接比较短（轻操作）的架构，如聊天服务器，弹幕系统，服务器间通讯，编程比较复杂。

代码

public class BioSelectorServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocket = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocket.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(9000));
        // 设置非阻塞
        serverSocket.configureBlocking(false);
        // 创建多路复用器
        Selector selector = Selector.open();
        // 注册serversocket到selector， 关注连接事件
        serverSocket.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        System.out.println("服务启动成功");
        while (true) {
            // 阻塞等待需要处理的事件
            selector.select();
            Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
                // 如果是连接事件  > 获取连接并且注册读事件
                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                    SocketChannel socketChannel = server.accept();
                    socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                    socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    System.out.println("客户端连接成功");
                } else if (key.isReadable()) {
                    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(128);
                    int len = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
                    if (len > 0) {
                        System.out.println("接收到消息:" + new String(byteBuffer.array()));
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("客户端断开连接");
                        socketChannel.close();
                    }
                }
                // 从事件集合里删除本次处理的key，防止下次select重复处理
                iterator.remove();
            }
        }
    }
}

NIO的三大核心组件: