实现阿里云oss云存储，简单几步

news2024/11/18 21:51:50

一、前言

虽然平常学习用的不多，但是用的时候再去找官方文档，也很繁琐，不如直接整理以下，方便粘贴复制，本文介绍两种图片上传方式①普通上传②服务端签名直传

1.普通上传

加载maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
    <artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
    <version>3.15.1</version>
</dependency>

如果使用的是Java 9及以上的版本，则需要添加JAXB相关依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
    <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
    <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- no more than 2.3.3-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
    <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>

需要先从阿里云获取相关accessKeyId和accessKeySecret，并创建bucket，找到创建好的就可以找到相关访问路径和endpoint

附上传代码

 @Test
    public void testFindPath() throws FileNotFoundException {
        String endpoint = "oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com";
        // 云账号AccessKey有所有API访问权限，建议遵循阿里云安全最佳实践，创建并使用RAM子账号进行API访问或日常运维，请登录 https://ram.console.aliyun.com 创建。
        String accessKeyId = "你的accessKeyId ";
        String accessKeySecret = "你的accessKeySecret ";
        String bucketName = "你的bucketName ";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        /*OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);*/

        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\c2405\\Desktop\\R-C.jpg");
        ossClient.putObject(bucketName, "java.png", inputStream);
        // 关闭OSSClient。
        ossClient.shutdown();

        System.out.println("上传成功");

    }

2.服务端签名直传

服务端签名直传是指在服务端生成签名，将签名返回给客户端，然后客户端使用签名上传文件到OSS。由于服务端签名直传无需将访问密钥暴露在前端页面，相比客户端签名直传具有更高的安全性。本文介绍如何进行服务端签名直传。

如果使用微服务可以直接加载一个maven依赖，这样我们可以直接在当前类中注入OSS 对象使用

<!-- aliyun:对象存储oss -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-alicloud-oss</artifactId>
		</dependency>

import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.utils.BinaryUtil;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.MatchMode;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PolicyConditions;
import com.lei.common.utils.R;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author: 青山猿
 * @date: Created in 2023/12/26 0:20
 * @description:
 */
@RestController
public class OssController {

    @Autowired
    OSS ossClient;

    @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key}")
    private String accessId;
    @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint}")
    private String endpoint;
    @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.bucket}")
    private String bucket;


    @RequestMapping("/oss/policy")
    public R policy(){

        // 填写Host名称，格式为https://bucketname.endpoint。
        //例如: https://guli-mall-admin.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/123.jpg
        String host = "https://"+bucket+"."+endpoint;
        // 设置上传回调URL，即回调服务器地址，用于处理应用服务器与OSS之间的通信。OSS会在文件上传完成后，把文件上传信息通过此回调URL发送给应用服务器。
        //String callbackUrl = "https://192.168.0.0:8888";
        // 设置上传到OSS文件的前缀，可置空此项。置空后，文件将上传至Bucket的根目录下。
        String format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date());
        String dir = format+"/";

        Map<String, String> respMap = null;
        try {
            long expireTime = 30;
            long expireEndTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expireTime * 1000;
            Date expiration = new Date(expireEndTime);
            // PostObject请求最大可支持的文件大小为5 GB，即CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE为5*1024*1024*1024。
            PolicyConditions policyConds = new PolicyConditions();
            policyConds.addConditionItem(PolicyConditions.COND_CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE, 0, 1048576000);
            policyConds.addConditionItem(MatchMode.StartWith, PolicyConditions.COND_KEY, dir);

            String postPolicy = ossClient.generatePostPolicy(expiration, policyConds);
            byte[] binaryData = postPolicy.getBytes("utf-8");
            String encodedPolicy = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(binaryData);
            String postSignature = ossClient.calculatePostSignature(postPolicy);

            respMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
            respMap.put("accessid", accessId);
            respMap.put("policy", encodedPolicy);
            respMap.put("signature", postSignature);
            respMap.put("dir", dir);
            respMap.put("host", host);
            respMap.put("expire", String.valueOf(expireEndTime / 1000));
            // respMap.put("expire", formatISO8601Date(expiration));


        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Assert.fail(e.getMessage());
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
        return R.ok().put("data",respMap);
    }
}

最后可以搭配element-ui上传组件使用

<el-upload
  class="upload-demo"
  action="objData.host"
  :before-upload="ossPolicy"
  :file-list="fileList"
  :data='objData'
  list-type="picture">
  <el-button size="small" type="primary">点击上传</el-button>
  <div slot="tip" class="el-upload__tip">只能上传jpg/png文件，且不超过500kb</div>
</el-upload>
<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        fileList: [{name: 'food.jpeg', url: 'https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/3/63/4e7f3a15429bfda99bce42a18cdd1jpeg.jpeg?imageMogr2/thumbnail/360x360/format/webp/quality/100'}, {name: 'food2.jpeg', url: 'https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/3/63/4e7f3a15429bfda99bce42a18cdd1jpeg.jpeg?imageMogr2/thumbnail/360x360/format/webp/quality/100'}],
        objData:{
            OSSAccessKeyId:'',
            policy:'',
            Signature:'',
            dir:'',
            host:'',
            key:''
        }
      };
    },
    methods: {
      ossPolicy(file){
            //在上传前，先进行服务器签名
            return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
                    this.axios.get('http://loclhost:8080/oss/policy').then(res=>{
                        //根据后台响应结果对objData赋值
                        this.objData.OSSAccessKeyId=res.data.accsessid;
                        this.objData.policy=res.data.policy;
                        this.objData.Signature=res.data.signature;
                        this.objData.dir=res.data.dir;
                        this.objData.host=res.data.host;
                        this.objData.key=res.data.dir+"${filename}";
                        resolve(true); //继续上传
                    }).catch(error=> {
                        console.log(error);
                           reject(false);  //停止上传
                    })
                })
      }
    }
  }
</script>