Halcon 模板匹配基于相关性

文章目录

基于相关性
使用匹配助手

基于相关性

适用场景

模板匹配：当你需要在图像中找到一个已知的模板时，例如在工业生产线上检测产品的特定标识或零件的特征时，相关性匹配是一种简单而有效的方法。

实时应用：相关性匹配通常具有较快的计算速度，因此适合用于实时应用，比如机器人视觉、自动驾驶中的目标检测等场景。

光照变化较小：相关性匹配对光照变化不敏感，因此在光照变化相对较小的场景下，它的匹配效果会更好。

少量变形：当物体存在轻微的旋转、缩放或畸变时，相关性匹配通常能够保持较好的匹配性能。

创建匹配模板

+ create_ncc_model( Template : : NumLevels, AngleStart, AngleExtent, AngleStep, Metric : ModelID )
Template（in）：单通道图像，它的区域可被创建为模板
NumLevels（in）：金字塔的最大层级
AngleStart（in）：模板的最小旋转
AngleExtent（in）：旋转角度范围
AngleStep（in）：角度步长
Metric（in）：匹配标准
ModelID（out）：模板句柄

查找模板

+ find_ncc_model( Image : : ModelID, AngleStart, AngleExtent, MinScore, NumMatches, MaxOverlap, SubPixel, NumLevels : Row, Column, Angle, Score )
Image（in）：单通道图像，它的区域可被创建为模板
ModelID（in）：模板句柄
AngleStart（in）：模板的最小旋转
AngleExtent（in）：旋转角度范围
MinScore（in）：被找到的模板最小分数
NumMatches（in）：被找到的模板个数
MaxOverlap（in）：被找到的模板实例最大重叠部分
SubPixel（in）：亚像素级别标志，true,false
NumLevels（in）：金字塔层级数
Row（out）：被找到的模板实例行坐标
Column（out）：被找到的模板实例列坐标
Angle（out）：被找到的模板实例的旋转角度
Score（out）：被找到的模板实例的分数

清除模板

+ clear_ncc_model( : : ModelID : ) 句柄

在不同的曝光下模板匹配

* This example program shows how to use HALCON's correlation-based
* matching. In particular it demonstrates the robustness of this method against
* linear illumination changes.  The training is performed in an image with good
* illumination.  The matching is applied in images where the exposure time varies
* extremely from very short to very long.
read_image (Image, 'cap_exposure/cap_exposure_03')
dev_close_window ()
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowHandle)
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
dev_update_off ()
*绘制圆
gen_circle (Circle, 246, 336, 150)
*获取区域圆点坐标
area_center (Circle, Area, RowRef, ColumnRef)
*裁剪图片
reduce_domain (Image, Circle, ImageReduced)
*创建匹配模板
create_ncc_model (ImageReduced, 'auto', 0, 0, 'auto', 'use_polarity', ModelID)
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_display (Image)
dev_set_color ('yellow')
dev_display (Circle)
disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Trained NCC model', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
stop ()
Rows := []
Cols := []
for J := 1 to 10 by 1
    read_image (Image, 'cap_exposure/cap_exposure_' + J$'02')
    find_ncc_model (Image, ModelID, 0, 0, 0.5, 1, 0.5, 'true', 0, Row, Column, Angle, Score)
    Rows := [Rows,Row]
    Cols := [Cols,Column]
    dev_display (Image)
    *显示匹配结果
    dev_display_ncc_matching_results (ModelID, 'green', Row, Column, Angle, 0)
    disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Found NCC model', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    if (J < 10)
        disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
    endif
    stop ()
endfor
* Compute the standard deviation of the found positions.  If the individual
* positions in Rows and Cols are examined, it can be seen that the standard
* deviation is caused mainly by the last four images, which are severely
* overexposed.
StdDevRows := deviation(Rows)
StdDevCols := deviation(Cols)

在这里插入图片描述

获取模板参数

+ determine_ncc_model_params(Template : : NumLevels, AngleStart, AngleExtent, Metric, Parameters : ParameterName, ParameterValue)
NumLevels：金字塔的最大层级，层数越多搜索的越快，可设为“auto”或0—10的整数。设置“auto”或0时create_ncc_model自动
AngleStart：模板旋转的起始角度（弧度）
AngleExtent：模板旋转角度范围 >=0
Metric：匹配标准 ‘use_polarity’ 使用全局，如果图像对比度不好，可用忽略全局’ignore_global_polarity’。'use_polarity'目标和背景的灰度关系保持模板和要匹配的区域灰度关系相同。 ‘ ignore_global_polarity ’对比度完全逆转也就是物体比背景颜色深也可以找到他Parameters：'all'/'num_levels'/'angle_step'  确定参数

控制输出参数：
                ParameterName：Parameters中选择的参数
                ParameterValue：Parameters中选择参数的具体值

在这里插入图片描述

* This example program shows how to use HALCON's
* operator determine_ncc_model_params to determine
* the parameters for a correlation-based matching.
* 
dev_update_off ()
dev_close_window ()
dev_open_window (0, 0, 512, 512, 'black', WindowHandle)
for Index := 1 to 3 by 1
    if (Index == 1)
        read_image (Image, 'smd/smd_on_chip_05')
        gen_rectangle1 (Rectangle, 180, 180, 430, 450)
    elseif (Index == 2)
        read_image (Image, 'fabrik')
        gen_rectangle1 (Rectangle, 335, 275, 420, 355)
    elseif (Index == 3)
        read_image (Image, 'mreut')
        gen_rectangle1 (Rectangle, 110, 195, 185, 275)
    endif
    dev_resize_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1)
    set_display_font (WindowHandle, 16, 'mono', 'true', 'false')
    dev_display (Image)
    dev_set_draw ('margin')
    dev_set_line_width (2)
    dev_set_color ('green')
    dev_display (Rectangle)
    reduce_domain (Image, Rectangle, ImageReduced)
    determine_ncc_model_params (ImageReduced, 'auto', -0.39, 0.79, 'use_polarity', 'all', ParameterName, ParameterValue)
    Message := 'NCC model parameters:'
    for I := 0 to |ParameterName| - 1 by 1
        Message[I + 1] := ParameterName[I] + ': ' + ParameterValue[I]
    endfor
    disp_message (WindowHandle, Message, 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    if (Index < 3)
        disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
    endif
    stop ()
endfor
dev_update_on ()

使用匹配助手

选中助手
打开Halcon 自带文件C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-19.11-Progress/examples/images/barcode/gs1databar_limited/gs1databar_limited_01.png
选中要匹配的区域
选中基于互相关创建好模板
参数对应create算子
应用对应find算子
加载另一张图片
> 查找模板
点击插入代码

* 
* Matching 03: ************************************************
* Matching 03: BEGIN of generated code for model initialization
* Matching 03: ************************************************
* 
* Matching 03: Obtain the model image
read_image (Image, 'C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-19.11-Progress/examples/images/boxes/cardboard_boxes_01.png')
* 
* Matching 03: Build the ROI from basic regions
gen_rectangle2 (ModelRegion, 382.938, 520.5, rad(128.186), 236.162, 193.603)
* 
* Matching 03: Reduce the model template
reduce_domain (Image, ModelRegion, TemplateImage)
* 
* Matching 03: Create the correlation model
create_ncc_model (TemplateImage, 'auto', rad(0), rad(360), 'auto', 'use_polarity', ModelID)
* 
* Matching 03: Get the reference position
area_center (ModelRegion, ModelRegionArea, RefRow, RefColumn)
* 
* Matching 03: Display the model region
dev_display (Image)
dev_set_color ('green')
dev_set_draw ('margin')
dev_display (ModelRegion)
gen_cross_contour_xld (TransContours, RefRow, RefColumn, 20, 0.0)
dev_display (TransContours)
stop ()
* 
* Matching 03: END of generated code for model initialization
* Matching 03:  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* Matching 03: BEGIN of generated code for model application
* 
* Matching 03: Loop over all specified test images
TestImages := ['C:/Users/Public/Documents/MVTec/HALCON-19.11-Progress/examples/images/boxes/cardboard_boxes_03.png']
for T := 0 to 0 by 1
    * 
    * Matching 03: Obtain the test image
    read_image (Image, TestImages[T])
    * 
    * Matching 03: Find the model
    find_ncc_model (Image, ModelID, rad(0), rad(360), 0.8, 0, 0.5, 'true', 0, Row, Column, Angle, Score)
    * 
    * Matching 03: Display the centers of the matches in the detected positions
    dev_display (Image)
    for I := 0 to |Score| - 1 by 1
        * Matching 03: Display the center of the match
        gen_cross_contour_xld (TransContours, Row[I], Column[I], 20, Angle)
        dev_set_color ('green')
        dev_display (TransContours)
        hom_mat2d_identity (AlignmentHomMat2D)
        hom_mat2d_translate (AlignmentHomMat2D, -RefRow, -RefColumn, AlignmentHomMat2D)
        hom_mat2d_rotate (AlignmentHomMat2D, Angle[I], 0, 0, AlignmentHomMat2D)
        hom_mat2d_translate (AlignmentHomMat2D, Row[I], Column[I], AlignmentHomMat2D)
        * Matching 03: Display the aligned model region
        affine_trans_region (ModelRegion, RegionAffineTrans, AlignmentHomMat2D, 'nearest_neighbor')
        dev_display (RegionAffineTrans)
        * Matching 03: Insert your code using the alignment here, e.g. code generated by
        * Matching 03: the measure assistant with the code generation option
        * Matching 03: 'Alignment Method' set to 'Affine Transformation'.
        stop ()
    endfor
endfor
* 
* Matching 03: *******************************************
* Matching 03: END of generated code for model application
* Matching 03: *******************************************
*