[github全教程]github版本控制最全教学------- 大厂找工作面试必备!

作者：20岁爱吃必胜客（坤制作人），近十年开发经验, 跨域学习者，目前于新西兰奥克兰大学攻读IT硕士学位。
荣誉：阿里云博客专家认证、腾讯开发者社区优质创作者，在CTF省赛校赛多次取得好成绩。
跨领域学习，喜欢摄影、弹吉他、咏春拳。文章深入浅出、语言风趣；爱吃必胜客社区创立者，旨在“发现美欣赏美

🏆 学习系列专栏
。🏅 Python学习宝库
。🏅 网络安全学习宝库

在这里插入图片描述

文章目录

⭐️专业名词
- 🌟 常用命令
- 🌟 实践
⭐️ssh- 证明你的身份github拥有者
- 🌟 这个origin什么意思
- - ☀️git push -u origin master
  - ☀️一般流程
- 🌟 分枝控制
- - ☀️main branch和 feature branch
⭐️总结
- 🌟

⭐️专业名词

在这里插入图片描述

🌟 常用命令

clone 下载项目
add 跟踪你的改变
commit 存到git上面
push 把本地git上传到远端-例如github, getlab, bitbucket
pull 把远端改变同步到本地

🌟 实践

zsh compinit: insecure directories, run compaudit for list.
Ignore insecure directories and continue [y] or abort compinit [n]? y
 ~/Code/gitlea  on main +4 !4 ?6 ---------------------------------- at 17:13:04 
> 

 ~/Code/gitlea  on main +4 !4 ?6 ---------------------------------- at 17:13:04 
> git clone git@github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo.git
正克隆到 'demo-repo'...
Enter passphrase for key '/Users/liqikun/.ssh/id_rsa': 
remote: Enumerating objects: 6, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (6/6), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
接收对象中: 100% (6/6), 完成.

 ~/Code/gitlea  on main +4 !4 ?7 ------------------------ took 36s  at 17:14:27 
> cd demo-repo 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main --------------------------------- at 17:14:53 
> ls -la
total 8
drwxr-xr-x@  4 liqikun  staff  128 12  1 17:14 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 liqikun  staff   96 12  1 17:13 ..
drwxr-xr-x@ 12 liqikun  staff  384 12  1 17:14 .git
-rw-r--r--@  1 liqikun  staff   31 12  1 17:14 README.md

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main --------------------------------- at 17:16:11 
> git status
位于分支 main
您的分支与上游分支 'origin/main' 一致。

无文件要提交，干净的工作区

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main --------------------------------- at 17:17:14 
> git status
位于分支 main
您的分支与上游分支 'origin/main' 一致。

尚未暂存以备提交的变更：
  （使用 "git add <文件>..." 更新要提交的内容）
  （使用 "git restore <文件>..." 丢弃工作区的改动）
        修改：     README.md

修改尚未加入提交（使用 "git add" 和/或 "git commit -a"）

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main !1 ------------------------------ at 17:18:05 
> git status
位于分支 main
您的分支与上游分支 'origin/main' 一致。

尚未暂存以备提交的变更：
  （使用 "git add <文件>..." 更新要提交的内容）
  （使用 "git restore <文件>..." 丢弃工作区的改动）
        修改：     README.md

未跟踪的文件:
  （使用 "git add <文件>..." 以包含要提交的内容）
        index.html

修改尚未加入提交（使用 "git add" 和/或 "git commit -a"）

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main !1 ?1 --------------------------- at 17:23:11 
> git add .         

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main +2 ------------------------------ at 17:24:09 
> git status
位于分支 main
您的分支与上游分支 'origin/main' 一致。

要提交的变更：
  （使用 "git restore --staged <文件>..." 以取消暂存）
        修改：     README.md
        新文件：   index.html


 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main +2 ------------------------------ at 17:24:13 
>

⭐️ssh- 证明你的身份github拥有者

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "q---@--.com"

在这里插入图片描述

🌟 这个origin什么意思

origin 是 Git 中默认使用的远程仓库的默认名称。它实际上是远程仓库的一个别名，用于简化对远程仓库的引用和操作。

当你克隆一个远程仓库时（例如通过 git clone 命令），Git 会自动为这个远程仓库添加一个默认的别名叫做 origin。这样，你就可以使用 origin 作为对远程仓库的引用，而不必每次都输入完整的远程仓库 URL。

例如，当你执行 git push origin main 时，origin 代表着远程仓库的地址（如 github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo.git），让 Git 知道你想要将本地的 main 分支推送到 origin 所指向的远程仓库。

你也可以根据需要为其他远程仓库设置不同的别名，但通常情况下，origin 是默认使用的远程仓库别名，它指向最初克隆的远程仓库。

☀️git push -u origin master

这个命令通常用于将本地的 master 分支推送到名为 origin 的远程仓库。-u 参数将本地的 master 分支与远程的 origin/master 分支关联起来，并设置本地 master 分支在以后的推送中默认使用 origin master 作为默认远程分支。

然而，在你之前提供的错误信息中，似乎出现了一个与 SSH 密钥相关的问题，导致 Git 无法进行远程推送。这个错误可能与权限问题有关，可能是因为 Git 无法找到或使用正确的 SSH 密钥来访问远程仓库。

在处理 SSH 密钥问题之前，推送到远程仓库可能会失败。确保你的 SSH 密钥正确设置并且可以被 Git 使用，然后再次尝试推送到远程仓库。

☀️一般流程

在这里插入图片描述

🌟 分枝控制

☀️main branch和 feature branch

在这里插入图片描述

⭐️总结

在这里插入图片描述


 ~/Code/gitlea ----------------------------------- at 21:15:37 
> git remote add origin git@github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo2.git

 ~/Code/gitlea ----------------------------------- at 21:33:18 
> git remote -v
origin  git@github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo2.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo2.git (push)

 ~/Code/gitlea ----------------------------------- at 21:33:30 
> cd demo-repo2     

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ------------- at 21:34:00 
> git remote -v

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ------------- at 21:34:06 
> git remote add origin git@github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo2.git

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ------------- at 21:34:12 
> git remote -v                                             
origin  git@github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo2.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo2.git (push)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ------------- at 21:34:15 
> git push origin master
no such identity: /Users/liqikun/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory
git@github.com: Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ---- took 3s  at 21:34:41 
> git push -u origin master
no such identity: /Users/liqikun/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory
git@github.com: Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ---- took 3s  at 21:35:51 
> ssh-add ~/.ssh/qikunlikey
Identity added: /Users/liqikun/.ssh/qikunlikey (qikunli8866@gmail.com)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ------------- at 21:47:33 
> ssh-add -l
4096 SHA256:dSBFeXTx5B0kYbqEpyddMfSrpMCDBhUHGMWkqfklKZE qikunli8866@gmail.com (RSA)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ------------- at 21:48:10 
> git push -u origin master
Enumerating objects: 3, done.
Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 233 bytes | 233.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo2.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master
branch 'master' set up to track 'origin/master'.

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo2  on master ---- took 5s  at 21:51:26 
> cd ..

 ~/Code/gitlea ----------------------------------- at 00:00:42 
> cd demo-repo

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:00:54 
> ls
README.md  index.html

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:00:56 
> git branch

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ------- took 7s  at 00:01:28 
> git checkout -b feature-readme-instructions
Switched to a new branch 'feature-readme-instructions'

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:02:43 
> git branch

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions 
> git checkout main                        
Switched to branch 'main'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:03:34 
> git checkout feature-readme-instructions 
Switched to branch 'feature-readme-instructions'

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:03:54 
>                                          

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:04:31 
> git status
On branch feature-readme-instructions
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   README.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions !1 
> git add .

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions +1 
> git commit -m "updated readme"
[feature-readme-instructions e1737de] updated readme
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:07:20 
> git checkout master
error: pathspec 'master' did not match any file(s) known to git

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:07:50 
> git checkout main  
Switched to branch 'main'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:07:56 
> git diff feature-readme-instructions 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ------ took 22s  at 00:09:19 
> git checkout feature-readme-instructions 
Switched to branch 'feature-readme-instructions'

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:10:14 
> git status
On branch feature-readme-instructions
nothing to commit, working tree clean

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:10:20 
> git push
fatal: The current branch feature-readme-instructions has no upstream branch.
To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use

    git push --set-upstream origin feature-readme-instructions

To have this happen automatically for branches without a tracking
upstream, see 'push.autoSetupRemote' in 'git help config'.


 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions - at 00:10:33 
> git push -u origin feature-readme-instructions 
Enumerating objects: 5, done.
Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Delta compression using up to 10 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 388 bytes | 388.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: 
remote: Create a pull request for 'feature-readme-instructions' on GitHub by visiting:
remote:      https://github.com/KrisQK/demo-repo/pull/new/feature-readme-instructions
remote: 
To github.com:KrisQK/demo-repo.git
 * [new branch]      feature-readme-instructions -> feature-readme-instructions
branch 'feature-readme-instructions' set up to track 'origin/feature-readme-instructions'.

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on feature-readme-instructions 
> git checkout main                             
Switched to branch 'main'
Your branch is behind 'origin/main' by 2 commits, and can be fast-forwarded.
  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main <2 ------------- at 00:37:23 
> git pull          
Updating 756290f..cb523b2
Fast-forward
 README.md | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ------- took 6s  at 00:37:52 
> git branch

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ------ took 15s  at 00:38:41 
> git branch -d feature-readme-instructions 
Deleted branch feature-readme-instructions (was e1737de).

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:38:48 
> git branch

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:38:56 
> 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:38:57 
> git checkout -b quik-test
Switched to a new branch 'quik-test'

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 00:40:11 
> git status
On branch quik-test
nothing to commit, working tree clean

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 00:41:07 
> git status
On branch quik-test
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   index.html

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 00:41:15 
> git diff

 ~/C/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 - took 23s  at 00:41:52 
> git commit -am "added world"
[quik-test f02e2b1] added world
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 00:43:16 
> git diff                    

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 00:50:44 
> git checkout master
error: pathspec 'master' did not match any file(s) known to git

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 00:52:56 
> git checkout main  
Switched to branch 'main'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:53:00 
> git brach
git: 'brach' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.

The most similar command is
        branch

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:53:36 
> git branch

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:53:47 
> git checkout quick-test
error: pathspec 'quick-test' did not match any file(s) known to git

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:54:07 
> git status
On branch main
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

nothing to commit, working tree clean

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main ---------------- at 00:55:20 
> git commit -am "added there"
[main da2bbad] added there
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on main >1 ------------- at 00:55:56 
> git checkout quik-test 
Switched to branch 'quik-test'

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 00:56:03 
> git diff main 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test - took 11s  at 00:56:24 
> git merge main 
Auto-merging index.html
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in index.html
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test merge ~1 -- at 00:56:30 
> git status
On branch quik-test
You have unmerged paths.
  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
  (use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
        both modified:   index.html

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test merge ~1 -- at 01:00:50 
> git diff

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on quik-test merge ~1 - took 6s  at 01:01:29 
> git commit -am "updated with main"
[quik-test bc3229d] updated with main

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:01:55 
> 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 01:02:52 
> git status
On branch quik-test
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   README.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 01:03:07 
> git add README.md 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test +1 -------- at 01:03:14 
> git status
On branch quik-test
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
        modified:   README.md


 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test +1 -------- at 01:03:21 
> git reset
Unstaged changes after reset:
M       README.md

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 01:04:33 
> git status
On branch quik-test
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   README.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 01:04:50 
> git add README.md 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test +1 -------- at 01:06:18 
> git commit -m "added install step"   
[quik-test 9d98358] added install step
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:06:53 
> git status
On branch quik-test
nothing to commit, working tree clean

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:06:59 
> git reset

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:07:09 
> 

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:07:55 
> git status
On branch quik-test
nothing to commit, working tree clean

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:08:00 
> git commit -m "added install step"
On branch quik-test
nothing to commit, working tree clean

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:08:24 
> git reset HEAD~1
Unstaged changes after reset:
M       README.md

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 01:08:41 
> git status
On branch quik-test
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   README.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 01:08:56 
> git diff

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 -------- at 01:09:02 
> git log

 ~/C/g/demo-repo  on quik-test !1 --- took 1m 17s  at 01:10:39 
> git reset f02e2b173e2b4975f13e8495f1d5e569d438dcd0
Unstaged changes after reset:
M       README.md
M       index.html

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !2 -------- at 01:11:04 
> git log

 ~/C/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test !2 - took 39s  at 01:12:06 
> git reset --hard cb523b2177a7c45c672e088912df6f8e6bd95b65
HEAD is now at cb523b2 Merge pull request #1 from KrisQK/feature-readme-instructions

 ~/Code/gitlea/demo-repo  on quik-test ----------- at 01:12:35 
>