Android Studio Giraffe-2022.3.1-Patch-3安装注意事项

news2024/11/16 1:44:22

准备工作：

android studio下载地址：https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/releases?hl=zh-cn
gradle下载地址：https://services.gradle.org/distributions/
比较稳定的网络环境（比较android studio相关的依赖需要从谷歌那边下载的）
连接超时大部分是网络环境问题

一、环境

系统：Win11、jdk17
Android Studio Giraffe | 2022.3.1 Patch 3
gradle8.0

android studio安装省略，基本上是下一步下一步

需要注意：安装路径改成自己想安装的位置，如D盘
选择定制方式就可以选择自己想安装的位置

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添加阿里云镜像：
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创建 init.gradle 文件，gradle为文件格式

allprojects {
    repositories { 
        mavenLocal() 
        maven { name "Alibaba" ; url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public" } 
        maven { name "Bstek" ; url "https://nexus.bsdn.org/content/groups/public/" } 
        mavenCentral()
    }
    buildscript {
        repositories { 
            maven { name "Alibaba" ; url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' } 
            maven { name "Bstek" ; url 'https://nexus.bsdn.org/content/groups/public/' } 
            maven { name "M2" ; url 'https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/' }
        }
    }
}

不够还能继续添加：

        maven {url = uri("https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/central")}  
        maven {url = uri("https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public")}  
        maven {url = uri("https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin")}  
        maven {url = uri("https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google")}  
        maven {url = uri("https://jitpack.io")}

二、配置

gradle配置：
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Specified location对应地址：D:/Software/Android/gradle-repository/wrapper/dists/gradle-8.0-all/gradle-8.0

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SDK位置：
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gradle-wrapper.properties 配置：
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三、遇到的问题

1.Android Gradle 插件和 Android Studio 兼容性

编译器版本：
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Android Studio Giraffe | 2022.3.1 Patch 3
Build #AI-223.8836.35.2231.11005911, built on October 26, 2023
Runtime version: 17.0.6+0-b2043.56-10027231 amd64
VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM by JetBrains s.r.o.
Windows 11 10.0
GC: G1 Young Generation, G1 Old Generation
Memory: 1024M
Cores: 8
Registry:
    external.system.auto.import.disabled=true
    debugger.new.tool.window.layout=true
    ide.text.editor.with.preview.show.floating.toolbar=false
    ide.experimental.ui=true

Non-Bundled Plugins:
    Batch Scripts Support (1.0.13)
    CMD Support (1.0.5)

从版本信息中可以看到 android studio 2022.3.1需要对应的运行环境是JDK17

于是从官网文档中查看对应版的Gradle版本是3.2到8.1之间，我选择gradle plugin为7.4.2、gradle版本是8.0

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AGP指Android Gradle 插件 (AGP)

3.android系统版本对应的sdk版本

android API 升级

自 2023 年 8 月 31 日起，所有应用都**必须以 Android 12（API 级别 33）**或更高版本为目标平台，才能送交
Google Play 审核，否则可能无法被某些 Google Play 用户发现。将应用的目标 API 级别配置为新近的 API
级别可确保用户享受到安全性和性能方面的改进，同时应用仍然可以在较低版本的 Android（低至指定的
minSdkVersion）上运行。如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Play 的目标 API 级别要求。

编译器对应的支持的API级别上限
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3. 控制台报错 A problem occurred configuring root project ‘My Application3’.

A problem occurred configuring root project 'My Application3'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2.
     Required by:
         project : > com.android.application:com.android.application.gradle.plugin:7.4.2
      > No matching variant of com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 was found. The consumer was configured to find a library for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally, as well as attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '8.0' but:
          - Variant 'apiElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component for use during compile-time, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0')
          - Variant 'javadocElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0')
          - Variant 'runtimeElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a library for use during runtime, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0')
          - Variant 'sourcesElements' capability com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2 declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.0')

Incompatible because this component declares a component for use during compile-time, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8
不兼容，因为该组件声明了一个在编译时使用的组件，与 Java 11 兼容，而消费者需要一个在运行时使用的组件，与 Java 8 兼容
解决方法：使用JDK17即可解决

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